Romanticism in Spain Essay Example For Students

Sentimentalism in Spain Essay During  the sentimental era‘ Spain appreciated for maybe the ï ¬ rst time in her history a certifiable European vogue. The theorizers of sentimentalism in Germany, England, and Franceâ€especially Germanyâ€discovered in Spanish writing, as they defectively knew itâ€chiefly the Don Quixote, the melodies, and the performance center of Calderonâ€ammunition for their basic and anticlassical battle, while the imaginative authors of these nations found in the land and its kin, their history, legends and letters, another and rich store of topics and settings, made as though to arrange in light of the interest existing apart from everything else for the pleasant and the energetic, the chivalresque and the medieval. Be that as it may, having little enthusiasm for Spain for herself nor (Mã ©rimã ©e excepted) any genuine information on her language, history, or culture, they reproduced a traditional, scholarly Spain as indicated by their own needs, wants and minds, that †romantic Spain best typiï ¬ ed maybe in the Carmen of Mã ©rimã ©e and of Bizet, an origination which has continued in the mainstream mind down to the present and against which Spaniards and HispanophiIeSâ€then and nowâ€have responded pretty much brutally and futile. (What's more, may I include, not with complete justiï ¬ cation, for innovative craftsmen are barely to be rebuffed for not being accurate history specialists or archeologists.) Moreover, even the sentimental cartoon of Spain, to avoid anything related to the more calm and sounder vision of a couple of pundits and explorers, brings out for the ï ¬ rst time, to any impressive degree, those curious qualities of Spanish culture and the Spanish temper which have progressively come to be respected (even among Spanish pundits) as basically sentimental, or maybe, with more prominent exactness, as basically unclassic: the concurrence and conflict of boundaries, the industriousness of medieval and national subjects and mentalities, the serious independence and protection from rules, schools, and all types of simply human power, the dominance of the well known and the suddenly imaginative over the privileged and the basic. By and by, the incredible manifestations of the Spanish soul, both masterful and vitalâ€in the transaction of these two powers lies the way in to the inventive virtuoso of Spainâ€lack, due to their very imperativeness, one principal part of sentimentalism. The Spanish soul and Spanish letters are individualistic, however not emotional; outgoing individual, not thoughtful person. (Spare in the best of Larra and Espronceda, in a couple of minor scholars in the sentimental period itself, and particularly, sixty to seventy years after the fact, in some out standing creators oi the â€Å"generation of 1898,† the one extremely sentimental age in Spanish writing.) The epic and the sensational, particularly the emotional, prevail over the verse, and structure, or rather articulation, over slant and feeling. It isn't around the last mentioned, yet around activity, even mental actionâ€the ingenio so normal for the raceâ€â «that Spanish letters spin. The â€Å"tragic feeling of life† is ever present, as Unamuno reminds us, however once in a while as WelIsc/zmerz or mal du iã ©cle. The first Spanish Don Juan is totally outgoing individual, similar to the insubordinate Cid of the numbers. The sentimental magnification of Don Quixote as the insubordinate visionary, began in Germany and England and conveyed to its peak by Unamuno as late as 1905 (in his Vida d: D. Quijote y Sancho), is an uneven mutilation, and has served to cloud, until as of late, the fundamental virtuoso of his maker. It isn't without signiï ¬ cance, at that point, that in their diversions of Spain, the sentimental people in Germany, England, and France ought to underscore andâ exaggerate the outside as opposed to the inside. For this is absolutely what happens, in spite of the fact that in diï ¬â€šerent tones and modes, in the scholars of the Romantic time frame in Spain itself. Abstract sentimentalism arrives behind schedule to Spain, later even than to Italy. In February of 1828 Mariano Josã © de Larra, at that point not exactly nineteen years old, distributed as his ï ¬ rst article of emotional analysis a blistering censure of Ducange’s Trent: am nu la me d’un jaueur,2 one of the deciphered melodramas which, alongside wistful and scene plays (additionally in interpretation) had shaped, regardless of the explosions of the pundits, an undeniably huge piece of the repertory of the Madrid stage since the time the turn of the century.‘ In this adolescent upheaval Larra berates the French for having relinquished, and lauds the Spaniard Moratã ­n and his supporters for proceeding to maintain, those outside principles of scholarly and sensational workmanship and legitimacy for the infringement of which the Frenchman Boileau had denounced the incomparable Spanish screenwriters of the seventeenth century. What's more, taking Ducange’s play as a horrendous model, Larra mocks sentimentalism as a senseless, fleeting, and degenerate French craze. Threatening and guileless, not to state uninformed, as this article is in its origination of sentimentalism, it is by and by illustrative of the basic mentality winning at the time in Spain. It uncovers the solid devoted pride in the accomplishment of the Spanish neoclassicists and the similarly solid enemy of French inclination acquired from the eighteenth century and intensiï ¬ ed by the War of Independence as crucial powers in the basic restriction to sentimentalism. It likewise uncovers how little the last mentioned, either in statute or practically speaking, was comprehended or even referred to in Spain as late as 1828. The black out breath of a local pre-sentimentalism (despairing, an inclination for nature, and an enthusiasm for freedom) detectable in the writers of the eighteenth century had heen stiï ¬â€šed by the declamatory tribute on contemporary social and devoted subjects presented by Quintana andâ furthered by the War of Independence. The political upheavalsâ€foreign attack, common hardship, rebellion, and wicked repressionâ€which had racked the nation since 1808 had captured, if not annihilated, that outstanding recovery of learning and letters which had occurred in the most recent many years of the eighteenth century. Scholarly intercourse with the remainder of Europe was to a great extent cut off. As later during the sentimental period (which agrees generally with the principal Carlist war (1833-69) and resulting conflict until the â€Å"paciï ¬ cation† of 1843â€45) governmental issues was the essential distraction with erudite people and authors. The discussion over the neoclassic tasteful in its connection to Spanish writing, which since 1737 had seethed discontinuously for about a century, was to a great extent stilled. Practically courageous the incomparable Hispanist Bohl von Faber,‘ propelled by Herder, Grimm, and the Schlegels, endeavored to concentrate consideration on the old society verse and t magnify the dramatization of the seventeenth century as better than the respected â€Å"rules.†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Although interpretations of English, German, and French preromantics (Young, â€Å"Ossian,† Goethe, Rousseau, Chateaubriand, and Lamartine) are seen and heard in the most recent long periods of the eighteenth and early many years of the nineteenth century, they had no incredible notoriety (spare perhaps 1114210) and positively minimal quick inï ¬â€šuence.â€Å" Only inconsistent references to sentimentalism as such are found preceding 1818 ,7 and the ï ¬ rst genuine basic conversations, moderate and pl acating, similar to those of the Italian Conciliatore, by which they were surely inï ¬â€šuenced, are those of the Italian Monteggia and the Catalã ¡n Lã ³pez Soler, distributed in the fleeting El Europea (1823-24) oã ­ Barcelona.a Yet people in general had cheered for a considerable length of time the sort of play condemned by the energetic Larra and his counterparts and antecedents, and had eaten up the sentimental books of Chateaubriand and the pseudo-chronicled and nostalgic ï ¬ ction of Mme de Genlis, Mme Cottin, the Vicomte d’Arlincourt, and Miss Roche (to avoid anything related to the spine chillers of Mrs Radcliffe)! What's more, from 1825 on, the books of Walter Scott, and Cooper,  too, whose vogue in the remainder of Europe was resounded in Spain, were very quickly acknowledged by the pundits and men of letters who were as yet apathetic or antagonistic to sentimentalism as a rule. As a result, sentimentalism showed up in Spain in its most up to date and least sentimental formâ€the ï ¬ rst of the numerous conundrums to be experienced in our surveyâ€in the authentic novel in the way of Walter Scott, started in 1830 by Lã ³pez Soler and proceeded very quickly by other writersâ€among them Larra and Esproncedaâ€with the intentional reason for enhancing the national writing by adjusting this new and generally acclaimed structure to Spanish soil and the Spanish soul, so harmonious to recorded and incredible topics and settings. In any case, (again the oddity) the pseudoAarchaeological epic demonstrated outsider to the Spanish temper, exactly on account of its antiquarianism, and haule d out a weak presence in the thirties and forties. The striking, living diversion of the national past occurred, not in the novel, in any event not until the authentic books of Pã ©rez Galdã ³s, however in the performance center and in story verse. What's more, here the resistance to sentimentalism had ï ¬ rst to be survived, in any event to some degree. The accentuation of Romanticism EssayAt ï ¬ rst contradicted by erudite people and men of letters for the sake of nationalism, artistic and political, sentimentalism of the French assortment was, after the transformation of 1830, acknowledged (with reservations) and rehearsed (with modiï ¬ cations) by exactly the same gathering and for the equivalent energetic thought processes. Be that as it may, simply because it had been seenâ€and after it had been madeâ€to adjust to the national temper and convention. The colored in-the-fleece sentimental dramatizations of Hugo and Dumas and their Spanish counterparts†outstandingly the Don Alvaro o Iafuersa del :ina (1835) of the Duque de Rivasâ â€awakened more oppos

Why You Shouldnt Get Confused by Not Using Sample Essay Questions in the Writing Process

Why You Shouldn't Get Confused by Not Using Sample Essay Questions in the Writing ProcessStudents want to be able to practice writing samples essay questions before they ever have to write their own. By using sample essay questions, you can practice your essay writing skills without having to learn anything that may actually be used in the exam. A lot of students think that when they read sample questions that they are actually giving up their chance to prepare for the exam. This is a mistake that they should avoid making because it does not have any affect on the actual written exam.Students are always being told to focus on learning how to write a paper for the sake of getting a good grade. Most students will think that this is simply impossible because there are so many people that pass exams that they are sure that they will get a good grade. If they just focus on learning how to read the question and actually study hard, they can do very well in the exam. Even if they do end up getting a good grade, they will not be satisfied with it because they have already wasted time studying. In contrast, if they take the time to write and practice the essay, they will be able to get a better grade.One way to help them in doing this is by taking the time to practice essays. Some students will think that since they are taking the time to write a paper, they do not need to prepare for the essay question. They will not be disappointed by their written exam if they feel that they were not able to master the essay topics properly. When the question is a practice essay, they can spend a couple of minutes writing and reading each section thoroughly. Then they can move on to the next section and so on until the entire essay is finished.There are also a number of websites that offer essay samples for free. Students can take advantage of these to do practice papers before actually writing an essay on their own. They can also use these practice essays to find out what kinds of q uestions are used and how to properly answer them.Students can also find sites that offer the questions used in the essay question tests. These can be helpful because they can find out the types of questions that they will be asked in the actual exam. If they plan to take one, they can choose to write about the topic that they find most interesting or write a review of the article they have read about the topic. They can then use these questions as a practice for the real exam.Students can also find online sites that offer the questions used in the essay question tests. They can then use these to get a feel for how they should answer the essay writing question. The more practice they give themselves, the better they will become at the task. They should make the essay a part of their daily routine so that they will be able to do it every day. This will help them feel more confident in answering the essay writing question on their own.Finally, some students may worry that the essay th at they have written will not be read properly if they write it on their own. They can consider doing a first draft of the essay, then editing it by removing errors or changing the order of the parts. This will help them know how they will feel when they read the essay because they will see what was removed or changed.Students will be more confident when they write and rewrite their own essay. They can choose to write a first draft or edit the essay before it goes to the author's room. Doing this can help them feel better about their work because they can find out how the essay will look when it is read.

Principles of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Standards of Economics - Essay Example Expansion has various parts, stages and structures. For instance, emptying and swelling are regularly characterized corresponding to the measure of general flexibly of cash viz a viz the economys capacity to create merchandise and ventures This article will target examining the causes, impacts, effects and significance of expansion in an economy There are different reasons for expansion which have been advanced by different financial analysts. The primary kind of swelling is the Cost Push Inflation. This kind of expansion happens when firms react to the expansion underway expenses, by expanding costs so as to hold their overall revenues. At the point when general costs increment the organizations have scarcely any choices on the best way to ingest the expenses from inside, this circumstance powers the association to give this expense to the purchasers. The ascent in costs might be activated by a few factors, these elements being an expansion in the expense of imported crude materials. This may happen in nations which intensely depend on fares of such items. Then again, this may likewise happen by a fall in the pace of the pound in the universal money trade a market which raises the UK cost of imported items. A representation of cost push expansion happened when British gas and elective vitality providers chose to expand the costs of gas and power. This system made vitality delivering firms to charge various costs for the local and remote markets during the period between years 2005 and 2006. The other reason related with cost-push expansion is because of the expansion in labor costs. At the point when work costs increment, the impacts of this measure on the organization creation is ignored to consumers.â This reason is huge in those organizations and associations which are work serious. A few ventures may pick against passing this significant expense to the shopper since they may have the option to take care of expense in different manners yet over the long haul they might be compelled to increment

Women Prime Ministers and Presidents 20th Century

How many women have served as Presidents or Prime Ministers in the 20th century? Included are women leaders of countries both large and small. Many names will be familiar; some will be unfamiliar to all but a few readers.  (Not included: women who became presidents or prime ministers after the year 2000.) Some were highly controversial; some were compromise candidates. Some presided over peace; others over war. Some were elected; some were appointed. Some served briefly; others were elected; one, though elected, was prevented from serving. Many followed into office their fathers or husbands; others were elected or appointed on their own reputations and political contributions. One even followed her mother into politics, and her mother served a third term as prime minister, filling the office left vacant when the daughter took office as president. Women Prime Minister and Presidents Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Sri Lanka (Ceylon)Her daughter became president of Sri Lanka in 1994 and appointed her mother to the more ceremonial office of prime minister. The office of president was created in 1988 and given many of the powers the prime minister had had when  Sirimavo Bandaranaike held the office.Prime Minister, 1960-1965, 1970-1977, 1994-2000. Sri Lanka Freedom Party.Indira Gandhi, IndiaPrime Minister, 1966-77, 1980-1984. Indian National Congress.Golda Meir, IsraelPrime Minister, 1969-1974. Labor Party.Isabel Martinez de Peron, ArgentinaPresident, 1974-1976. Justicialist.Elisabeth Domitien, Central African RepublicPrime Minister, 1975-1976.  Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa.Margaret Thatcher, Great BritainPrime Minister, 1979-1990. Conservative.Maria da Lourdes Pintasilgo, PortugalPrime Minister, 1979-1980. Socialist Party.Lidia Gueiler Tejada, BoliviaPrime Minister, 1979-1980. Revolutionary Left Front.Dame Eugenia Charles, DominicaPrime Minister, 19 80-1995. Freedom Party.Vigdà ­s Finnbogadà ³ttà ­r, IcelandPresident, 1980-96. Longest-serving female head of state in the 20th century.Gro Harlem Brundtland, NorwayPrime Minister, 1981, 1986-1989, 1990-1996. Labour Party.Soong Ching-Ling, Peoples Republic of ChinaHonorary President, 1981. Communist Party.Milka Planinc, YugoslaviaFederal Prime Minister, 1982-1986. League of Communists.Agatha Barbara, MaltaPresident, 1982-1987. Labour Party.Maria Liberia-Peters, Netherlands AntillesPrime Minister, 1984-1986, 1988-1993. National Peoples Party.Corazon Aquino, PhilippinesPresident, 1986-92. PDP-Laban.  Benazir Bhutto, PakistanPrime Minister, 1988-1990, 1993-1996. Pakistan Peoples Party.Kazimiera Danuta Prunskiena, LithuaniaPrime Minister, 1990-91. Peasant and Green Union.Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, NicaraguaPrime Minister, 1990-1996. National Opposition Union.Mary Robinson, IrelandPresident, 1990-1997. Independent.Ertha Pascal Trouillot, HaitiInterim President, 1990-1991. Independ ent.Sabine Bergmann-Pohl, German Democratic RepublicPresident, 1990. Christian Democratic Union.Aung San Suu Kyi, Burma (Myanmar  )Her party, the National League for Democracy, won 80% of the seats in a democratic election in 1990, but the military government refused to recognize the results. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991.Khaleda Zia, BangladeshPrime Minister, 1991-1996. Bangladesh Nationalist Party.Edith Cresson, FrancePrime Minister, 1991-1992. Socialist Party.Hanna Suchocka, PolandPrime Minister, 1992-1993. Democratic Union.Kim Campbell, CanadaPrime Minister, 1993. Progressive Conservative.Sylvie Kinigi, BurundiPrime Minister, 1993-1994. Union for National Progress.Agathe Uwilingiyimana, RwandaPrime Minister, 1993-1994. Republican Democratic Movement.Susanne Camelia-Romer, Netherlands Antilles (Curaà §ao)Prime Minister, 1993, 1998-1999. PNP.Tansu Çiller, TurkeyPrime Minister, 1993-1995. Democrat Party.Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunge, Sri LankaPrime Minis ter, 1994, President, 1994-2005Reneta Indzhova, BulgariaInterim Prime Minister, 1994-1995. Independent.Claudette Werleigh, HaitiPrime Minister, 1995-1996. PANPRA.Sheikh Hasina Wajed, BangladeshPrime Minister, 1996-2001, 2009-. Awami League.Mary McAleese, IrelandPresident, 1997-2011. Fianna Fail, Independent.Pamela Gordon, BermudaPremier, 1997-1998. United Bermuda Party.Janet Jagan, GuyanaPrime Minister, 1997, President, 1997-1999. Peoples Progressive Party.Jenny Shipley, New ZealandPrime Minister, 1997-1999. National Party.Ruth Dreifuss, SwitzerlandPresident, 1999-2000. Social Democratic Party.Jennifer M. Smith, BermudaPrime Minister, 1998-2003. Progressive Labour Party.Nyam-Osoriyn Tuyaa, MongoliaActing Prime Minister, July 1999. Democratic Party.Helen Clark, New ZealandPrime Minister, 1999-2008. Labour Party.Mireya Elisa Moscoso de Arias, PanamaPresident, 1999-2004. Arnulfista Party.Vaira Vike-Freiberga, LatviaPresident, 1999-2007. Independent.Tarja Kaarina Halonen, FinlandPreside nt, 2000-. Social Democratic Party. Ive included Halonen because the year 2000 is part of the 20th century. (The year 0 didnt exist, so a century starts with the year 1.) As the 21st century arrived, yet another was added: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo - President of the Philippines, sworn in on January 20, 2001. Mame Madior Boye became Prime Minister in Senegal in March of 2001. Megawati Sukarnoputri, daughter of founding head of state Sukarno, was selected as Indonesias fifth president in 2001 after losing in 1999. Ive limited the list above, however, to the history of women heads of state for the 20th century, and will not add anyone who took office after 2001 began. Text  © Jone Johnson Lewis.

Different Approaches to Screen Violence Essays - 1147 Words

Different Approaches to Screen Violence Violence is a strong issue in society. In a world that is surrounded by terrorism, aggression and crime, the way violence is represented in the media can be crucial. Most viewers define violence as an act that breaks out of a personal comfort zone and therefore opinions of how violent a scene is can differ. Arguments for the link between violence in the media and real life focus on the perpetrator of violence being unable to acknowledge the difference between reality and the fiction portrayed in film. These opinions however, are frequently the results of a public who use violent films as a scapegoat for physical aspects that shape peoples lives. Social†¦show more content†¦This hits the audience with a sense of reality and makes the emphasis with the character. There is a soundtrack that plays when a jump cut takes place to the two main characters walking down a street. This music plays a contrast between the normal lifestyle, and when they are at fight club. In Drunken Master, sound is important in establishing the scene. The synchronous diagetic sounds of punching and kicking are overly exaggerated. This emphasises the violence but at the same time makes the scene become less severe and somewhat comical. There is no music at the start of the scene; this creates realism and a tense atmosphere. After a pause in the action, the first piece of dialogue is spoken. Jackie Chan is taunted and challenged. As Jackie accepts his opponents proposal an incidental piece of music begins to play. It is a fast heroic piece, with obvious oriental influences. This gets the audience involved in the scene and makes them feel empathy for Jackie. Sound plays an important part in both scenes, and helps to add to and take away from the way violence is portrayed. There are many similarities that give off different effects in each scene. 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To What Extent Was the Cuban Missile Crisis the Product of...

To what extent was the Cuban Missile Crisis the product of American paranoia? Done By: Justine, Umi Amirah, Myraa (3DG/3DY) The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the United States, the USSR, and Cuba in October 1962, during the Cold War. The Cuban and Soviet governments placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. When her military intelligence discovered the weapons, America sought to do all it could to ensure the removal of the missiles. This incident became closest to a nuclear war.1 The incident has caused a lot of commotion and raised tensions between the three countries. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a product of a series of factors: American Paranoia, the Cuban want for freedom from America, and the USSR’s intentions.†¦show more content†¦From this, we can see that if were not for America’s actions and paranoia, Cuba would not have asked the USSR for help, and the Cuban Missile Crisis might have been averted altogether. However, America was not solely to blame, for Cuba effectively manipulated USSR-American rivalry to obtain missile defense from USSR against America. Cuba, being unable to defend herself against an American attack, therefore sought the help of its enemy’s enemy, for the enemy of one’s enemy is one’s friend. This in turn blew the whole conflict out of proportion. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a product of American paranoia to a great extent, for it was the underlying factor that triggered the USSR and Cuba’s actions. The USSR’s actions were actually their means of defending themselves, in reply to what America had done (placing missiles in Turkey). America was obsessed with preventing Communism, for it would threaten America’s ideology of Capitalism and take a toll in America’s economy, stability and peace. Thus, they took very extreme measures. Furthermore, the reason Cuba sought protection from the USSR was because it wanted to protect itself from an attack from America; Cuba’s actions were a reaction to America’s behavior. The USSR took advantage of the situation in Cuba to gain a foothold in an area that was crucial to USA’s safety. This act led to the escalations of tensions, and became a high-stakes disputeShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagessolution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PrenticeRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pageslate twentieth century, its apparatus of cultural formation was controlled fully by the elite who, to a large extent, ran the educational apparatus and the economic system. But much of the country was beginning to question in earnest the structure of colonial society by the early 1930s. The emergence of Rasta during that period corresponds with so much that was happening around the world. Rastas could tell that social unrest in Jamaica was going to lead to a movement away from colonial rule and

Oil and Gas Have Positive Effects on Russia

Question: Does oil and gas have positive effects on russia? Answer: Introduction: Economy of Russia is highly dependent on price of oil and natural gas as the country is one of the largest producer of crude oil. Recently price of oil decreased rapidly due to decreasing demand in some countries. However Nardelli et al., (2014) stated that production of oil increased in US. As supply of crude oil increased, price of each barrel reduced. Analysis on global economy indicates that reduction in price of natural gas impacted economical condition of many countries. Reduction in price of oil also impacted on economy of Russia also. As stated by IJsseling and Schaap, (2013) economic growth of Russia may shrink due to reduction of oil price. Tavana et al., (2012) also opined that production of oil needs to be reduced in order to stabilize the price. The current essay deals with analysis on the effects of oil and gas industry on Russia. The economic condition of Russia is influenced by price of oil and gas. Both positive as well as negative effects of fluctuations in oil and gas industry on Russia are discussed in this essay. The effects may be good and sometime bad. The paper attempts to answer the question that whether the effect of this industry reflects a good sign or bad sign in the Russia. Arguments: Russia experienced rapid transition in last century due to Governments focus on oil and gas industry of the country. It became one of the largest economies of world. As an impact of rapid economic growth Russia was included in league G-20 countries. As oil and gas industry is one of the largest contributors of GDP of the country, the GDP almost doubled in last part of the century. The growth of Russia was maximized in early 2000s. As stated by Shaffer,(2015) growth rate of Russia was influenced significantly due to sustained oil prices in global market. However investment on oil and gas industry also increased at that time. Qiu, (2015) opined that increased investment in oil and gas sector also fueled growth rate of the country. On the other aspect in negative sense according to Nardelli et al., (2014) the effects of oil prices to economy of Russia is well known. As price of crude oil fell more than 50% in last few months, it is expected that GDP of Russia is going to decrease (Motom ura, 2014).IJsseling and Schaap, (2013) also stated that effects of rapid reduction in oil price will be observed on economic stability of the country also. Bradshaw, (2015) stated that rate of inflation may increase in Russia due to reduction in oil price in global market. Discussion on economy of Russia also indicates that growth in oil and gas sector of the country was effective to reduce negative effects of global financial crisis in 2008-2009. Although GDP of the country fell during global financial crisis in 2008-2009, steady price of crude oil was effective to increase the GDP later. Papavinasam, (2013) stated that the activities related with economic welfare in Russia is dependent on extraction of crude oil and natural gas. The country is one of the largest providers of oil and gas in European and Asian countries. Exporting fossil fuels in these countries and collecting taxes from organizations of oil and gas industry enabled the Russian government to increase budget revenues. As stated by Boussena and Locatelli,(2013) fluctuations in oil prices will not only impact on economic growth rate of Russia, but foreign policies of the country can also be impacted due to reduction in demand of crude oil and natural gas. Analysis on economic condition of Russia indicates that the different activities related up gradation of infrastructure in the country is dependent on revenue earned from oil and gas industry. As the Government of Russia gives importance on modernization of its military forces, cost of conducting these activities is increasing continuously. As contribution of oil and gas sector in national GDP is reducing, the modernization process of armed forces may be interrupted. As price of the crude oil is reducing rapidly, income of the country from this sector is also reducing. Funding of activities related with up gradation of armed forces of Russia will also be affected due to reduction in oil price. Birnbaum and Morello, (2015) opined that reduction in oil price of Russia may influence political relationship with other countries. As Russia is one of the largest providers of oil and natural gas to many countries, activities of Russia can influence policies of these Asian as well as European countries. Discussion on international oil and gas industry indicates that demand of oil is decreasing in several countries. It is evident that influence of Russia on these European and Asian countries is going to decrease. It is evident that reduction in oil prices is impacting negatively on budget of the country. As the Government of Russia gives emphasis on maintenance of its military force, investment for up gradation of armed forces may not reduce. It indicates that the Government can reduce investment in other sectors of the country. It may affect overall growth of Russia. But on the other stand point it can be claimed that this industry is the most profit making industry in the world. So, the positive effects of the industry influence the economy of a state. It defiantly increases GDP. As demand of oil is reducing in many countries, market of Russia is shrinking. After Russias invasion in Ukraine, the European countries are pressurizing Russia. Increased pressure from European countries is also affecting oil market of the country. Although the government of Russia is giving importance on making alliance with China to retain their share in oil market, it may not be effective to increase market size. Apart from thus, the demands of consumers in oil and gas industry are also changing. Previously the demand of LNG (liquefied Natural Gas) was higher in Europe. As an impact, Asian market was more attractive to Russian suppliers. In recent years, the demand of LNG is also increasing in Asian market. Decreased demand of crude oil in China, one of the largest markets of Russia, is making the Asian market less profitable. Increased availability of alternative suppliers of LNG is also affecting economic growth of Russia. The analysis indicates that changes in oil and gas indu stry is not affecting current growth of Russia, it may impact on future growth of the country also. Conclusion: Discussion on effects of oil and gas industry on economy of Russia indicates that previously the sector was one of the largest contributors of national GDP. However the condition in oil and gas industry is also changing. Demand of oil is reducing in much country. As an impact market size of Russia for exporting oil and gas is reducing. Increased pressure from other European countries is also leading to reduction in growth rate of the country. The requirements of consumers in oil and gas industry are also changing. Increased demand for LNG is also affecting present and future growth of the country. Russia can be considered as one of the largest producers of crude oil and natural gas. From the analysis it is evident that economy of Russia is greatly dependent on price of oil and natural gas. In last few months price of oil decreased rapidly as demand of fossil fuels decreased in some Asian and European countries. Reduction in oil prices reduced budget revenue of the country. As an impa ct, the investments in different sectors reduced significantly. It is evident that lowered price of oil affected both long term and short term growth of the country. Although oil and gas industry was influenced growth of Russia, too much dependence on this sector restricted the country from attaining sustainable growth rate. References Birnbaum, M. and Morello, C. (2015). No breakthroughs as Kerry, Putin meet in Sochi. [online] Washington Post. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/no-breakthroughs-as-kerry-putin-meet-in-sochi/2015/05/12/29b4857a-f811-11e4-a47c-e56f4db884ed_story.html [Accessed 15 Jul. 2015]. Boussena, S. and Locatelli, C. (2013). Energy institutional and organisational changes in EU and Russia: Revisiting gas relations. Energy Policy, 55, pp.180-189. Bradshaw, M. (2015). Western Sanctions and Russias Oil and Gas Challenges. [online] International Relations And Security Network. 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