Romanticism in Spain Essay Example For Students

Sentimentalism in Spain Essay During  the sentimental era‘ Spain appreciated for maybe the ï ¬ rst time in her history a certifiable European vogue. The theorizers of sentimentalism in Germany, England, and Franceâ€especially Germanyâ€discovered in Spanish writing, as they defectively knew itâ€chiefly the Don Quixote, the melodies, and the performance center of Calderonâ€ammunition for their basic and anticlassical battle, while the imaginative authors of these nations found in the land and its kin, their history, legends and letters, another and rich store of topics and settings, made as though to arrange in light of the interest existing apart from everything else for the pleasant and the energetic, the chivalresque and the medieval. Be that as it may, having little enthusiasm for Spain for herself nor (Mã ©rimã ©e excepted) any genuine information on her language, history, or culture, they reproduced a traditional, scholarly Spain as indicated by their own needs, wants and minds, that †romantic Spain best typiï ¬ ed maybe in the Carmen of Mã ©rimã ©e and of Bizet, an origination which has continued in the mainstream mind down to the present and against which Spaniards and HispanophiIeSâ€then and nowâ€have responded pretty much brutally and futile. (What's more, may I include, not with complete justiï ¬ cation, for innovative craftsmen are barely to be rebuffed for not being accurate history specialists or archeologists.) Moreover, even the sentimental cartoon of Spain, to avoid anything related to the more calm and sounder vision of a couple of pundits and explorers, brings out for the ï ¬ rst time, to any impressive degree, those curious qualities of Spanish culture and the Spanish temper which have progressively come to be respected (even among Spanish pundits) as basically sentimental, or maybe, with more prominent exactness, as basically unclassic: the concurrence and conflict of boundaries, the industriousness of medieval and national subjects and mentalities, the serious independence and protection from rules, schools, and all types of simply human power, the dominance of the well known and the suddenly imaginative over the privileged and the basic. By and by, the incredible manifestations of the Spanish soul, both masterful and vitalâ€in the transaction of these two powers lies the way in to the inventive virtuoso of Spainâ€lack, due to their very imperativeness, one principal part of sentimentalism. The Spanish soul and Spanish letters are individualistic, however not emotional; outgoing individual, not thoughtful person. (Spare in the best of Larra and Espronceda, in a couple of minor scholars in the sentimental period itself, and particularly, sixty to seventy years after the fact, in some out standing creators oi the â€Å"generation of 1898,† the one extremely sentimental age in Spanish writing.) The epic and the sensational, particularly the emotional, prevail over the verse, and structure, or rather articulation, over slant and feeling. It isn't around the last mentioned, yet around activity, even mental actionâ€the ingenio so normal for the raceâ€â «that Spanish letters spin. The â€Å"tragic feeling of life† is ever present, as Unamuno reminds us, however once in a while as WelIsc/zmerz or mal du iã ©cle. The first Spanish Don Juan is totally outgoing individual, similar to the insubordinate Cid of the numbers. The sentimental magnification of Don Quixote as the insubordinate visionary, began in Germany and England and conveyed to its peak by Unamuno as late as 1905 (in his Vida d: D. Quijote y Sancho), is an uneven mutilation, and has served to cloud, until as of late, the fundamental virtuoso of his maker. It isn't without signiï ¬ cance, at that point, that in their diversions of Spain, the sentimental people in Germany, England, and France ought to underscore andâ exaggerate the outside as opposed to the inside. For this is absolutely what happens, in spite of the fact that in diï ¬â€šerent tones and modes, in the scholars of the Romantic time frame in Spain itself. Abstract sentimentalism arrives behind schedule to Spain, later even than to Italy. In February of 1828 Mariano Josã © de Larra, at that point not exactly nineteen years old, distributed as his ï ¬ rst article of emotional analysis a blistering censure of Ducange’s Trent: am nu la me d’un jaueur,2 one of the deciphered melodramas which, alongside wistful and scene plays (additionally in interpretation) had shaped, regardless of the explosions of the pundits, an undeniably huge piece of the repertory of the Madrid stage since the time the turn of the century.‘ In this adolescent upheaval Larra berates the French for having relinquished, and lauds the Spaniard Moratã ­n and his supporters for proceeding to maintain, those outside principles of scholarly and sensational workmanship and legitimacy for the infringement of which the Frenchman Boileau had denounced the incomparable Spanish screenwriters of the seventeenth century. What's more, taking Ducange’s play as a horrendous model, Larra mocks sentimentalism as a senseless, fleeting, and degenerate French craze. Threatening and guileless, not to state uninformed, as this article is in its origination of sentimentalism, it is by and by illustrative of the basic mentality winning at the time in Spain. It uncovers the solid devoted pride in the accomplishment of the Spanish neoclassicists and the similarly solid enemy of French inclination acquired from the eighteenth century and intensiï ¬ ed by the War of Independence as crucial powers in the basic restriction to sentimentalism. It likewise uncovers how little the last mentioned, either in statute or practically speaking, was comprehended or even referred to in Spain as late as 1828. The black out breath of a local pre-sentimentalism (despairing, an inclination for nature, and an enthusiasm for freedom) detectable in the writers of the eighteenth century had heen stiï ¬â€šed by the declamatory tribute on contemporary social and devoted subjects presented by Quintana andâ furthered by the War of Independence. The political upheavalsâ€foreign attack, common hardship, rebellion, and wicked repressionâ€which had racked the nation since 1808 had captured, if not annihilated, that outstanding recovery of learning and letters which had occurred in the most recent many years of the eighteenth century. Scholarly intercourse with the remainder of Europe was to a great extent cut off. As later during the sentimental period (which agrees generally with the principal Carlist war (1833-69) and resulting conflict until the â€Å"paciï ¬ cation† of 1843â€45) governmental issues was the essential distraction with erudite people and authors. The discussion over the neoclassic tasteful in its connection to Spanish writing, which since 1737 had seethed discontinuously for about a century, was to a great extent stilled. Practically courageous the incomparable Hispanist Bohl von Faber,‘ propelled by Herder, Grimm, and the Schlegels, endeavored to concentrate consideration on the old society verse and t magnify the dramatization of the seventeenth century as better than the respected â€Å"rules.†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Although interpretations of English, German, and French preromantics (Young, â€Å"Ossian,† Goethe, Rousseau, Chateaubriand, and Lamartine) are seen and heard in the most recent long periods of the eighteenth and early many years of the nineteenth century, they had no incredible notoriety (spare perhaps 1114210) and positively minimal quick inï ¬â€šuence.â€Å" Only inconsistent references to sentimentalism as such are found preceding 1818 ,7 and the ï ¬ rst genuine basic conversations, moderate and pl acating, similar to those of the Italian Conciliatore, by which they were surely inï ¬â€šuenced, are those of the Italian Monteggia and the Catalã ¡n Lã ³pez Soler, distributed in the fleeting El Europea (1823-24) oã ­ Barcelona.a Yet people in general had cheered for a considerable length of time the sort of play condemned by the energetic Larra and his counterparts and antecedents, and had eaten up the sentimental books of Chateaubriand and the pseudo-chronicled and nostalgic ï ¬ ction of Mme de Genlis, Mme Cottin, the Vicomte d’Arlincourt, and Miss Roche (to avoid anything related to the spine chillers of Mrs Radcliffe)! What's more, from 1825 on, the books of Walter Scott, and Cooper,  too, whose vogue in the remainder of Europe was resounded in Spain, were very quickly acknowledged by the pundits and men of letters who were as yet apathetic or antagonistic to sentimentalism as a rule. As a result, sentimentalism showed up in Spain in its most up to date and least sentimental formâ€the ï ¬ rst of the numerous conundrums to be experienced in our surveyâ€in the authentic novel in the way of Walter Scott, started in 1830 by Lã ³pez Soler and proceeded very quickly by other writersâ€among them Larra and Esproncedaâ€with the intentional reason for enhancing the national writing by adjusting this new and generally acclaimed structure to Spanish soil and the Spanish soul, so harmonious to recorded and incredible topics and settings. In any case, (again the oddity) the pseudoAarchaeological epic demonstrated outsider to the Spanish temper, exactly on account of its antiquarianism, and haule d out a weak presence in the thirties and forties. The striking, living diversion of the national past occurred, not in the novel, in any event not until the authentic books of Pã ©rez Galdã ³s, however in the performance center and in story verse. What's more, here the resistance to sentimentalism had ï ¬ rst to be survived, in any event to some degree. The accentuation of Romanticism EssayAt ï ¬ rst contradicted by erudite people and men of letters for the sake of nationalism, artistic and political, sentimentalism of the French assortment was, after the transformation of 1830, acknowledged (with reservations) and rehearsed (with modiï ¬ cations) by exactly the same gathering and for the equivalent energetic thought processes. Be that as it may, simply because it had been seenâ€and after it had been madeâ€to adjust to the national temper and convention. The colored in-the-fleece sentimental dramatizations of Hugo and Dumas and their Spanish counterparts†outstandingly the Don Alvaro o Iafuersa del :ina (1835) of the Duque de Rivasâ â€awakened more oppos

Why You Shouldnt Get Confused by Not Using Sample Essay Questions in the Writing Process

Why You Shouldn't Get Confused by Not Using Sample Essay Questions in the Writing ProcessStudents want to be able to practice writing samples essay questions before they ever have to write their own. By using sample essay questions, you can practice your essay writing skills without having to learn anything that may actually be used in the exam. A lot of students think that when they read sample questions that they are actually giving up their chance to prepare for the exam. This is a mistake that they should avoid making because it does not have any affect on the actual written exam.Students are always being told to focus on learning how to write a paper for the sake of getting a good grade. Most students will think that this is simply impossible because there are so many people that pass exams that they are sure that they will get a good grade. If they just focus on learning how to read the question and actually study hard, they can do very well in the exam. Even if they do end up getting a good grade, they will not be satisfied with it because they have already wasted time studying. In contrast, if they take the time to write and practice the essay, they will be able to get a better grade.One way to help them in doing this is by taking the time to practice essays. Some students will think that since they are taking the time to write a paper, they do not need to prepare for the essay question. They will not be disappointed by their written exam if they feel that they were not able to master the essay topics properly. When the question is a practice essay, they can spend a couple of minutes writing and reading each section thoroughly. Then they can move on to the next section and so on until the entire essay is finished.There are also a number of websites that offer essay samples for free. Students can take advantage of these to do practice papers before actually writing an essay on their own. They can also use these practice essays to find out what kinds of q uestions are used and how to properly answer them.Students can also find sites that offer the questions used in the essay question tests. These can be helpful because they can find out the types of questions that they will be asked in the actual exam. If they plan to take one, they can choose to write about the topic that they find most interesting or write a review of the article they have read about the topic. They can then use these questions as a practice for the real exam.Students can also find online sites that offer the questions used in the essay question tests. They can then use these to get a feel for how they should answer the essay writing question. The more practice they give themselves, the better they will become at the task. They should make the essay a part of their daily routine so that they will be able to do it every day. This will help them feel more confident in answering the essay writing question on their own.Finally, some students may worry that the essay th at they have written will not be read properly if they write it on their own. They can consider doing a first draft of the essay, then editing it by removing errors or changing the order of the parts. This will help them know how they will feel when they read the essay because they will see what was removed or changed.Students will be more confident when they write and rewrite their own essay. They can choose to write a first draft or edit the essay before it goes to the author's room. Doing this can help them feel better about their work because they can find out how the essay will look when it is read.

Principles of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Standards of Economics - Essay Example Expansion has various parts, stages and structures. For instance, emptying and swelling are regularly characterized corresponding to the measure of general flexibly of cash viz a viz the economys capacity to create merchandise and ventures This article will target examining the causes, impacts, effects and significance of expansion in an economy There are different reasons for expansion which have been advanced by different financial analysts. The primary kind of swelling is the Cost Push Inflation. This kind of expansion happens when firms react to the expansion underway expenses, by expanding costs so as to hold their overall revenues. At the point when general costs increment the organizations have scarcely any choices on the best way to ingest the expenses from inside, this circumstance powers the association to give this expense to the purchasers. The ascent in costs might be activated by a few factors, these elements being an expansion in the expense of imported crude materials. This may happen in nations which intensely depend on fares of such items. Then again, this may likewise happen by a fall in the pace of the pound in the universal money trade a market which raises the UK cost of imported items. A representation of cost push expansion happened when British gas and elective vitality providers chose to expand the costs of gas and power. This system made vitality delivering firms to charge various costs for the local and remote markets during the period between years 2005 and 2006. The other reason related with cost-push expansion is because of the expansion in labor costs. At the point when work costs increment, the impacts of this measure on the organization creation is ignored to consumers.â This reason is huge in those organizations and associations which are work serious. A few ventures may pick against passing this significant expense to the shopper since they may have the option to take care of expense in different manners yet over the long haul they might be compelled to increment

Women Prime Ministers and Presidents 20th Century

How many women have served as Presidents or Prime Ministers in the 20th century? Included are women leaders of countries both large and small. Many names will be familiar; some will be unfamiliar to all but a few readers.  (Not included: women who became presidents or prime ministers after the year 2000.) Some were highly controversial; some were compromise candidates. Some presided over peace; others over war. Some were elected; some were appointed. Some served briefly; others were elected; one, though elected, was prevented from serving. Many followed into office their fathers or husbands; others were elected or appointed on their own reputations and political contributions. One even followed her mother into politics, and her mother served a third term as prime minister, filling the office left vacant when the daughter took office as president. Women Prime Minister and Presidents Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Sri Lanka (Ceylon)Her daughter became president of Sri Lanka in 1994 and appointed her mother to the more ceremonial office of prime minister. The office of president was created in 1988 and given many of the powers the prime minister had had when  Sirimavo Bandaranaike held the office.Prime Minister, 1960-1965, 1970-1977, 1994-2000. Sri Lanka Freedom Party.Indira Gandhi, IndiaPrime Minister, 1966-77, 1980-1984. Indian National Congress.Golda Meir, IsraelPrime Minister, 1969-1974. Labor Party.Isabel Martinez de Peron, ArgentinaPresident, 1974-1976. Justicialist.Elisabeth Domitien, Central African RepublicPrime Minister, 1975-1976.  Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa.Margaret Thatcher, Great BritainPrime Minister, 1979-1990. Conservative.Maria da Lourdes Pintasilgo, PortugalPrime Minister, 1979-1980. Socialist Party.Lidia Gueiler Tejada, BoliviaPrime Minister, 1979-1980. Revolutionary Left Front.Dame Eugenia Charles, DominicaPrime Minister, 19 80-1995. Freedom Party.Vigdà ­s Finnbogadà ³ttà ­r, IcelandPresident, 1980-96. Longest-serving female head of state in the 20th century.Gro Harlem Brundtland, NorwayPrime Minister, 1981, 1986-1989, 1990-1996. Labour Party.Soong Ching-Ling, Peoples Republic of ChinaHonorary President, 1981. Communist Party.Milka Planinc, YugoslaviaFederal Prime Minister, 1982-1986. League of Communists.Agatha Barbara, MaltaPresident, 1982-1987. Labour Party.Maria Liberia-Peters, Netherlands AntillesPrime Minister, 1984-1986, 1988-1993. National Peoples Party.Corazon Aquino, PhilippinesPresident, 1986-92. PDP-Laban.  Benazir Bhutto, PakistanPrime Minister, 1988-1990, 1993-1996. Pakistan Peoples Party.Kazimiera Danuta Prunskiena, LithuaniaPrime Minister, 1990-91. Peasant and Green Union.Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, NicaraguaPrime Minister, 1990-1996. National Opposition Union.Mary Robinson, IrelandPresident, 1990-1997. Independent.Ertha Pascal Trouillot, HaitiInterim President, 1990-1991. Independ ent.Sabine Bergmann-Pohl, German Democratic RepublicPresident, 1990. Christian Democratic Union.Aung San Suu Kyi, Burma (Myanmar  )Her party, the National League for Democracy, won 80% of the seats in a democratic election in 1990, but the military government refused to recognize the results. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991.Khaleda Zia, BangladeshPrime Minister, 1991-1996. Bangladesh Nationalist Party.Edith Cresson, FrancePrime Minister, 1991-1992. Socialist Party.Hanna Suchocka, PolandPrime Minister, 1992-1993. Democratic Union.Kim Campbell, CanadaPrime Minister, 1993. Progressive Conservative.Sylvie Kinigi, BurundiPrime Minister, 1993-1994. Union for National Progress.Agathe Uwilingiyimana, RwandaPrime Minister, 1993-1994. Republican Democratic Movement.Susanne Camelia-Romer, Netherlands Antilles (Curaà §ao)Prime Minister, 1993, 1998-1999. PNP.Tansu Çiller, TurkeyPrime Minister, 1993-1995. Democrat Party.Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunge, Sri LankaPrime Minis ter, 1994, President, 1994-2005Reneta Indzhova, BulgariaInterim Prime Minister, 1994-1995. Independent.Claudette Werleigh, HaitiPrime Minister, 1995-1996. PANPRA.Sheikh Hasina Wajed, BangladeshPrime Minister, 1996-2001, 2009-. Awami League.Mary McAleese, IrelandPresident, 1997-2011. Fianna Fail, Independent.Pamela Gordon, BermudaPremier, 1997-1998. United Bermuda Party.Janet Jagan, GuyanaPrime Minister, 1997, President, 1997-1999. Peoples Progressive Party.Jenny Shipley, New ZealandPrime Minister, 1997-1999. National Party.Ruth Dreifuss, SwitzerlandPresident, 1999-2000. Social Democratic Party.Jennifer M. Smith, BermudaPrime Minister, 1998-2003. Progressive Labour Party.Nyam-Osoriyn Tuyaa, MongoliaActing Prime Minister, July 1999. Democratic Party.Helen Clark, New ZealandPrime Minister, 1999-2008. Labour Party.Mireya Elisa Moscoso de Arias, PanamaPresident, 1999-2004. Arnulfista Party.Vaira Vike-Freiberga, LatviaPresident, 1999-2007. Independent.Tarja Kaarina Halonen, FinlandPreside nt, 2000-. Social Democratic Party. Ive included Halonen because the year 2000 is part of the 20th century. (The year 0 didnt exist, so a century starts with the year 1.) As the 21st century arrived, yet another was added: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo - President of the Philippines, sworn in on January 20, 2001. Mame Madior Boye became Prime Minister in Senegal in March of 2001. Megawati Sukarnoputri, daughter of founding head of state Sukarno, was selected as Indonesias fifth president in 2001 after losing in 1999. Ive limited the list above, however, to the history of women heads of state for the 20th century, and will not add anyone who took office after 2001 began. Text  © Jone Johnson Lewis.

Different Approaches to Screen Violence Essays - 1147 Words

Different Approaches to Screen Violence Violence is a strong issue in society. In a world that is surrounded by terrorism, aggression and crime, the way violence is represented in the media can be crucial. Most viewers define violence as an act that breaks out of a personal comfort zone and therefore opinions of how violent a scene is can differ. Arguments for the link between violence in the media and real life focus on the perpetrator of violence being unable to acknowledge the difference between reality and the fiction portrayed in film. These opinions however, are frequently the results of a public who use violent films as a scapegoat for physical aspects that shape peoples lives. Social†¦show more content†¦This hits the audience with a sense of reality and makes the emphasis with the character. There is a soundtrack that plays when a jump cut takes place to the two main characters walking down a street. This music plays a contrast between the normal lifestyle, and when they are at fight club. In Drunken Master, sound is important in establishing the scene. The synchronous diagetic sounds of punching and kicking are overly exaggerated. This emphasises the violence but at the same time makes the scene become less severe and somewhat comical. There is no music at the start of the scene; this creates realism and a tense atmosphere. After a pause in the action, the first piece of dialogue is spoken. Jackie Chan is taunted and challenged. As Jackie accepts his opponents proposal an incidental piece of music begins to play. It is a fast heroic piece, with obvious oriental influences. This gets the audience involved in the scene and makes them feel empathy for Jackie. Sound plays an important part in both scenes, and helps to add to and take away from the way violence is portrayed. There are many similarities that give off different effects in each scene. 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To What Extent Was the Cuban Missile Crisis the Product of...

To what extent was the Cuban Missile Crisis the product of American paranoia? Done By: Justine, Umi Amirah, Myraa (3DG/3DY) The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the United States, the USSR, and Cuba in October 1962, during the Cold War. The Cuban and Soviet governments placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. When her military intelligence discovered the weapons, America sought to do all it could to ensure the removal of the missiles. This incident became closest to a nuclear war.1 The incident has caused a lot of commotion and raised tensions between the three countries. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a product of a series of factors: American Paranoia, the Cuban want for freedom from America, and the USSR’s intentions.†¦show more content†¦From this, we can see that if were not for America’s actions and paranoia, Cuba would not have asked the USSR for help, and the Cuban Missile Crisis might have been averted altogether. However, America was not solely to blame, for Cuba effectively manipulated USSR-American rivalry to obtain missile defense from USSR against America. Cuba, being unable to defend herself against an American attack, therefore sought the help of its enemy’s enemy, for the enemy of one’s enemy is one’s friend. This in turn blew the whole conflict out of proportion. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a product of American paranoia to a great extent, for it was the underlying factor that triggered the USSR and Cuba’s actions. The USSR’s actions were actually their means of defending themselves, in reply to what America had done (placing missiles in Turkey). America was obsessed with preventing Communism, for it would threaten America’s ideology of Capitalism and take a toll in America’s economy, stability and peace. Thus, they took very extreme measures. Furthermore, the reason Cuba sought protection from the USSR was because it wanted to protect itself from an attack from America; Cuba’s actions were a reaction to America’s behavior. The USSR took advantage of the situation in Cuba to gain a foothold in an area that was crucial to USA’s safety. This act led to the escalations of tensions, and became a high-stakes disputeShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagessolution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PrenticeRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pageslate twentieth century, its apparatus of cultural formation was controlled fully by the elite who, to a large extent, ran the educational apparatus and the economic system. But much of the country was beginning to question in earnest the structure of colonial society by the early 1930s. The emergence of Rasta during that period corresponds with so much that was happening around the world. Rastas could tell that social unrest in Jamaica was going to lead to a movement away from colonial rule and

Oil and Gas Have Positive Effects on Russia

Question: Does oil and gas have positive effects on russia? Answer: Introduction: Economy of Russia is highly dependent on price of oil and natural gas as the country is one of the largest producer of crude oil. Recently price of oil decreased rapidly due to decreasing demand in some countries. However Nardelli et al., (2014) stated that production of oil increased in US. As supply of crude oil increased, price of each barrel reduced. Analysis on global economy indicates that reduction in price of natural gas impacted economical condition of many countries. Reduction in price of oil also impacted on economy of Russia also. As stated by IJsseling and Schaap, (2013) economic growth of Russia may shrink due to reduction of oil price. Tavana et al., (2012) also opined that production of oil needs to be reduced in order to stabilize the price. The current essay deals with analysis on the effects of oil and gas industry on Russia. The economic condition of Russia is influenced by price of oil and gas. Both positive as well as negative effects of fluctuations in oil and gas industry on Russia are discussed in this essay. The effects may be good and sometime bad. The paper attempts to answer the question that whether the effect of this industry reflects a good sign or bad sign in the Russia. Arguments: Russia experienced rapid transition in last century due to Governments focus on oil and gas industry of the country. It became one of the largest economies of world. As an impact of rapid economic growth Russia was included in league G-20 countries. As oil and gas industry is one of the largest contributors of GDP of the country, the GDP almost doubled in last part of the century. The growth of Russia was maximized in early 2000s. As stated by Shaffer,(2015) growth rate of Russia was influenced significantly due to sustained oil prices in global market. However investment on oil and gas industry also increased at that time. Qiu, (2015) opined that increased investment in oil and gas sector also fueled growth rate of the country. On the other aspect in negative sense according to Nardelli et al., (2014) the effects of oil prices to economy of Russia is well known. As price of crude oil fell more than 50% in last few months, it is expected that GDP of Russia is going to decrease (Motom ura, 2014).IJsseling and Schaap, (2013) also stated that effects of rapid reduction in oil price will be observed on economic stability of the country also. Bradshaw, (2015) stated that rate of inflation may increase in Russia due to reduction in oil price in global market. Discussion on economy of Russia also indicates that growth in oil and gas sector of the country was effective to reduce negative effects of global financial crisis in 2008-2009. Although GDP of the country fell during global financial crisis in 2008-2009, steady price of crude oil was effective to increase the GDP later. Papavinasam, (2013) stated that the activities related with economic welfare in Russia is dependent on extraction of crude oil and natural gas. The country is one of the largest providers of oil and gas in European and Asian countries. Exporting fossil fuels in these countries and collecting taxes from organizations of oil and gas industry enabled the Russian government to increase budget revenues. As stated by Boussena and Locatelli,(2013) fluctuations in oil prices will not only impact on economic growth rate of Russia, but foreign policies of the country can also be impacted due to reduction in demand of crude oil and natural gas. Analysis on economic condition of Russia indicates that the different activities related up gradation of infrastructure in the country is dependent on revenue earned from oil and gas industry. As the Government of Russia gives importance on modernization of its military forces, cost of conducting these activities is increasing continuously. As contribution of oil and gas sector in national GDP is reducing, the modernization process of armed forces may be interrupted. As price of the crude oil is reducing rapidly, income of the country from this sector is also reducing. Funding of activities related with up gradation of armed forces of Russia will also be affected due to reduction in oil price. Birnbaum and Morello, (2015) opined that reduction in oil price of Russia may influence political relationship with other countries. As Russia is one of the largest providers of oil and natural gas to many countries, activities of Russia can influence policies of these Asian as well as European countries. Discussion on international oil and gas industry indicates that demand of oil is decreasing in several countries. It is evident that influence of Russia on these European and Asian countries is going to decrease. It is evident that reduction in oil prices is impacting negatively on budget of the country. As the Government of Russia gives emphasis on maintenance of its military force, investment for up gradation of armed forces may not reduce. It indicates that the Government can reduce investment in other sectors of the country. It may affect overall growth of Russia. But on the other stand point it can be claimed that this industry is the most profit making industry in the world. So, the positive effects of the industry influence the economy of a state. It defiantly increases GDP. As demand of oil is reducing in many countries, market of Russia is shrinking. After Russias invasion in Ukraine, the European countries are pressurizing Russia. Increased pressure from European countries is also affecting oil market of the country. Although the government of Russia is giving importance on making alliance with China to retain their share in oil market, it may not be effective to increase market size. Apart from thus, the demands of consumers in oil and gas industry are also changing. Previously the demand of LNG (liquefied Natural Gas) was higher in Europe. As an impact, Asian market was more attractive to Russian suppliers. In recent years, the demand of LNG is also increasing in Asian market. Decreased demand of crude oil in China, one of the largest markets of Russia, is making the Asian market less profitable. Increased availability of alternative suppliers of LNG is also affecting economic growth of Russia. The analysis indicates that changes in oil and gas indu stry is not affecting current growth of Russia, it may impact on future growth of the country also. Conclusion: Discussion on effects of oil and gas industry on economy of Russia indicates that previously the sector was one of the largest contributors of national GDP. However the condition in oil and gas industry is also changing. Demand of oil is reducing in much country. As an impact market size of Russia for exporting oil and gas is reducing. Increased pressure from other European countries is also leading to reduction in growth rate of the country. The requirements of consumers in oil and gas industry are also changing. Increased demand for LNG is also affecting present and future growth of the country. Russia can be considered as one of the largest producers of crude oil and natural gas. From the analysis it is evident that economy of Russia is greatly dependent on price of oil and natural gas. In last few months price of oil decreased rapidly as demand of fossil fuels decreased in some Asian and European countries. Reduction in oil prices reduced budget revenue of the country. As an impa ct, the investments in different sectors reduced significantly. It is evident that lowered price of oil affected both long term and short term growth of the country. Although oil and gas industry was influenced growth of Russia, too much dependence on this sector restricted the country from attaining sustainable growth rate. References Birnbaum, M. and Morello, C. (2015). No breakthroughs as Kerry, Putin meet in Sochi. [online] Washington Post. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/no-breakthroughs-as-kerry-putin-meet-in-sochi/2015/05/12/29b4857a-f811-11e4-a47c-e56f4db884ed_story.html [Accessed 15 Jul. 2015]. Boussena, S. and Locatelli, C. (2013). Energy institutional and organisational changes in EU and Russia: Revisiting gas relations. Energy Policy, 55, pp.180-189. Bradshaw, M. (2015). Western Sanctions and Russias Oil and Gas Challenges. [online] International Relations And Security Network. Available at: https://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Articles/Detail/?lng=enid=186934 [Accessed 15 Jul. 2015]. IJsseling, H. and Schaap, P. (2013). The Dutch offshore. Flying Focus. Motomura, M. (2014). Japans need for Russian oil and gas: A shift in energy flows to the Far East. Energy Policy, 74, pp.68-79. Nardelli, A., Elliott, L., Luhn, A., Dehghan, S. and Black, I. (2014). Recession in Russia, revolt in Venezuela? The knock-on effects of tumbling oil prices. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/oct/16/datablog-low-oil-prices-chill-producer-economies [Accessed 15 Jul. 2015]. Papavinasam, S. (2013). Corrosion control in the oil and gas industry. Elsevier Science. Qiu, W. (2015). Oil Crash Is Crushing Russia. The Moscow Times. [online] Available at: https://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/oil-crash-is-crushing-russia/517427.html [Accessed 15 Jul. 2015]. Shaffer, B. (2015). A Nuclear Deal with Iran: The Impact on Oil and Natural Gas Trends. [online] Washingtoninstitute.org. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/a-nuclear-deal-with-iran-the-impact-on-oil-and-natural-gas-trends [Accessed 15 Jul. 2015]. Tavana, M., Pirdashti, M., Kennedy, D., Belaud, J. and Behzadian, M. (2012). A hybrid Delphi-SWOT paradigm for oil and gas pipeline strategic planning in Caspian Sea basin. Energy Policy, 40, pp.345-360.

Australian Sports Essays - Sport, Australian Rules Football

Australian Sports Sport in Australian Society Australian people's lives are greatly affected by sport. In Australia, most people will either participate in sport or watch sport, wether it at the arena or on television, what ever you do it would be hard not be caught up in all the hype surrounding sport. A lot of people will participate on weekends at a social level, but some people will play representative sport, that is the reason that many Australians have come to think of themselves as a great sporting nation. It is these ideas that have allowed Australian athlete's to become world champions. People participate in sport not only for the physical values but the values of team sprit, sportsmanship, relaxation and for some financial rewards. Sport is - one or more people competing against another team or individual to see who will win. Sport also is - a game played at a non-competitive level. Some people however believe that competitive sport causes narrow-mindedness or that winning and competition lead to individualism and selfishness. Sport is open to people of any age or race. Anyone can participate in sport, however as you get older you may be limited physically to the amount or sport you play. Some other limitations may be the resources available, your age, your time available or the costs involved. A survey was said to be conducted by the courier mail titled, "Yes, We Really Are Sports Mad". The survey had the following results, 88% people in capital cities play sport with 1 in every 2 of those people taking part in at least four sports a week. Swimming was seen to be the favourite sport among participants with tennis, fishing, snooker and pool close behind. Also in this survey it was said 2 out of 3 Australians that live in capital cities will go to at least one sporting match a year. The reason a large number of Australian lives are affected by sport is because you hear about it every day, wether it be on the radio, in a newspaper or on television. The Courier-Mail devotes a section of the paper just to sport and so does the news services. On Foxtel and Galaxy there are two sports channels and on Optus Vision there are three. On the AM radio stations, there will be three or four minutes every half hour on sport. A large section of the media is devoted to the broadcast of sport - everybody had herd before they arrived home from school or work on Monday the 8th of September that Patrick Rafter had won the singles tittle at the American Open tennis championship, this is an example of how fast the media spreads news about Australian sporting stars. Anyone between the ages of 16 and 65 will watch some sport on television during the year. Cricket is the most watched sport on TV although tennis, Rugby League, Australian Rules Football, Motor Racing and Basketball also draw large crowds ('Yes, we really are sports mad'. The Courier-Mail). Results were poled in 1987, stating that watching television was an Australians' favourite pastime. Informal sport was 9th on the results poled and organised sport was 11th (See Table 1, Appendix). During an inquiry in 1992, it found that substantial numbers of teenage girls were quitting sport (Williams, Peter, Health and Physical Education, 1995). In Victoria, during the 70's the government recognised the inclination in "spectatoritis" - people were spending more time watching sport on TV than participating themselves (Williams, 1995: 103). In 1975, a large proportion of the people of Victoria were asked the question - do you feel your physical fitness to be important? With the majority believing their physical fitness to be important, but not willing to do anything about it. At the Atlanta Olympics, Australians were recognised not only individually but also as a country that they were a force in sport not to reckoned with. This was demonstrated in the 1500m men's freestyle, when Kieren Perkins, who no one thought would win came back from what seemed were unsurmountable odds and won. Perkins received a second reward for his 1500m performance with the honour of being named Australian sportsman of the year. Kathy Watt was also rewarded with the honour of sportswoman of the year, for her efforts in the Olympics, namely cycling. If Australia sends performers like this to the following Olympic's in Sydney and Athens, Australia should continue winning medals. Without a doubt I think that it is clear to say that sport plays a major role in the Australian society.

Enviro Essay

Enviro Essay There is an ever present danger growing in the air that you and I breathe. For decades now we have been pumping toxic materials into the air around us. We should look at the sources and what we can do to lower to amount of dangerous elements they emit. The automobiles and the factories that people work in do most of the polluting. Obviously we can't eliminate all of these things from our daily life. However there is an abundance of options for people to choose that could reduce pollution.Like others around the world, Americans have grown to enjoy ourselves at the expense of our own environment. While the automobile has made life much easier, it has been responsible for tons upon tons of toxic waste deposited into the atmosphere.Cleaner cars would be possible but people do not want to pay the higher price the technology brings. The ACS (American Cancer Society) tells us that lung cancer cases are higher in areas where the automobile is in higher use.Impact of Air PollutionYet we conti nue to ignore the strong evidence and take no initiative to help the problem of pollution. Until human life is priced higher than the dollar we will pump an increasing amount of carcinogens into the air Americans breathe.Automobiles are not the only factors of air pollution that can be lowered or even eliminated. The Recycling of Aluminum and plastics emits far less pollution that the production of virgin materials. Even the leading aluminum producer admits that the airborne release of sulfur is 40% less during the production of recycled aluminum. "The average person just isn't interested in recycling", states Thomas Sancton of Green Peace.So the problem still resides with the average consumer. It takes little to no effort to divide your trash for...

Assessing Patients Feedback On Receiving Herbal Medicine Treatment Dissertation

Assessing Patients Feedback On Receiving Herbal Medicine Treatment - Dissertation Example The basis of the finding is lined up in the literature review part, where the author has exhaustively cited examples that are arguably centralized on the herbal treatment. Understanding the importance of medical treatment, most of the literature cited here has submerged in the argument on whether clinicians should adhere in most of the clinics in the country to this right treatment. This report is a critical representation of a research done by the university polyclinics with the help of the social research institutes, on patients’ views on the effectiveness of the herbal Medicare. Recently complementary and Alternative medicine has been seeking to gain greater acceptance into the community and thus there is the greater emphasis for it to be taken first as a professional course. Thus the University of Westminster has the mandate to ensure all its students reach an acceptable standard that can be in a position to meet patients’ needs before awarding them a degree. First, the research has touched on the patient-centered care, where special issues and barriers have been put into the analysis (Barnes, 2009, pg34). After the target groups, which are the practitioners and some of the Herbal medicine students, have been identified, the next thing is to illustrate questionnaires and outline the data found by analysis them in a more strategized manner. After the above have been met, methodology and data analysis designs have been included, for the implementation purposes (Sinclair, 2010, pg42). It is better to understand that without a detailed analysis of the data, the target group might not give out clear variations and impact of herbal being included clinical treatment.

Frightening Incident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Frightening Incident - Essay Example The incident, which I am going to relate, is an on-the-job incident in which I saved my friend from a big injury. The injury would have made him disabled for his whole life. My friend and I worked in my uncle’s sugar mill in New Orleans a couple of years ago. We had summer holidays at that time. We wanted to spend that time in a useful way. Therefore, my uncle suggested me to join his sugar mill to pass the time and get some professional experience. I also asked my friend to accompany me. My friend agreed and we started working. We worked in that mill for 3 months as sugarcane chopping machine operators. Here, I would like to mention that a number of processes take place that convert raw form of sugar into the usable form. Sugar cane chopping is one such process in which large moving gears chop the sugarcanes. Operating the chopping machine is not an easy task. One needs to apply force on the paddle through hands to keep the gears moving. Therefore, managers of sugar mills usu ally hire more than one operator to reduce the workload. Each operator operates the machine usually from 60 to 90 minutes in each turn.

Types Of Grants And Scholarships Essay Example for Free

Types Of Grants And Scholarships Essay The Pell Grant Program basically provides need-based grants to students belonging to low-income families.   This grant is primarily for undergraduate and certain postgraduate students who do not have adequate finances and access to graduate degree programs.   The current institutions that participate in this program approximate nearly 5,400.   The grants generally cover expenses such as allowances and basic education costs. The grant amount is determined by a number of factors such as the contribution from the family (EFC), the cost of basic education, whether the student is full-time or part-time and the entire attendance during the school year.    An eligible student may not receive more than one Pell Grant from more than a single academic institution at a time.   According to the FSA handbook, direct grants may be awarded with the aid of participating schools to students who fit the financial need qualifications and who have not received their bachelor’s degrees. The Academic Competitiveness Grant (ACG) is a relatively new program that was granted during the 2006-2007 academic year.   The main purpose of this grant is to encourage students in the United States to enroll in more challenging high school courses and also to eventually pursue college degrees.   This grant is awarded to students who are first-year undergraduate students who were able to graduate from high-school in 2006, and to second-year students who graduated in January 1, 2005 from their high school. This can be awarded to a student over and above the Pell grant award that a deserving student receives.   There is currently over US $4.5 billion that has been earmarked for this program over the next five (5) years and this will continue on until the 2010-2011 academic calendars.   In order to be qualified to receive this grant, applicants must be full-time students (unlike the Pell Grant) and must be United States citizens. Works Cited: ACG Grant Information from http://www.acggrant.com/ last accessed on March 20, 2008 Federal Pell Grant Program from http://www.ed.gov/programs/fpg/index.html last accessed on March 20, 2008

Private Schools vs. Public Schools Essay -- Private Schools Public Sch

Parents often wonder how to start off their children’s education. Depending on ones religion or beliefs a private or public school is a choice most parents face. Of course, each school offers it’s own pros and con’s the choice is simple. Public schools offer the best well rounding of a student. While being enrolled in a public school, students are faced with real outside world problems, are with a different blend of students each year, and are also introduced to the latest technology faster. While, a public school the money is offered to them by the state easier then having donations like a private school. Ones child will most likely be with the same students throughout their educational years. Classes aren’t as big and varied like classes at public schools. While in a public schoo...

Bollywood and Gender

Research Proposal Aim: To study and compare the role of women in some of the women centric Hindi films released between 1980 to 1990 and 2000 and 2010. Objective: To study the issues of gender, caste, development that were perceived in Indian cinema then and now in women centric films. A comparative study about the representation of women in Indian cinema then and now in women centric films. Scope: There are a numerous women centric films that are created in diverse languages around the world. When we focus even on one specific type, we get to know about the culture and thought process of that specific region. Also, a strong statement emerges out of the analysis which is a reflection of the prevailing ideologies in the society. This paper will be mark a statement on the thought process, beliefs of the people especially for the women. These beliefs systems and ideologies will be compared through women centric Bollywood movies that were released between 1980’s to 1990’s and 2000 to 2010. The scope can be extended to many women centric movies made in various languages other than Hindi. One can also include the earliest of the eras for a detailed comparison and in-depth study. Not only a comparison on the issues like gender and caste but also a comparison on other issues like lifestyle, costumes, movie posters etc can be done. Limitations: This paper is limited only to Bollywood films because of the language constraints. Also, only two decades have been chosen since the comparison and study would be possible with a limited number of films to study. Also, from each decade four women centric films are chosen and then studied thoroughly. Followed by is a detailed analysis of the movie based on the issues of Gender, caste, development, ideologies. Research Question: What is the difference in the representation of women portrayed earlier (1980-1990) and that which is shown now (2000-2010)? †¢ What are the factors that have affected the change in the representation of women in Hindi cinema esp. between the 1980- 1990 and 2000-2010? And how is the transition identified? †¢ Was the image of women shown in the movies of 1980-1990 stronger, bolder than tho se shown now (2000-2010)? Introduction: Confirming Aristotle’s view of art as an imitation of life, gender discrimination in the Hindi film industry does indeed reflect the bias that exists in Indian society. The gender ratio in India is heavily skewed in the favor of males (1. 08 male(s)/female) (from CIA’s publication). Thus, Indian moviegoers are presumed to be mostly men—roughly between the age of 15 to 34 years. These moviegoers, according to an all-India survey by a research organization, enjoy mindless comedies. Such thinking dominates cinematic expression in one of the world’s largest centers of film production. The Indian entertainment industry stands at $10 billion today and is expected to grow at 18 percent per annum compounded annually over the next two years (Economic Times). An average Indian spends approximately 4. 6 percent of disposable income on movie watching in theaters. And because issue-based films are not a favorite with the masses, a producer opts for subjects with more appeal so that he or she can recuperate the huge investments involved in film production. Even female filmmakers do not risk funding for their films by focusing on women-centric subjects. At New York’s iView Film Festival held in 2009, which explored gender and sexuality issues, filmmakers and actors on the panel were asked to comment on the presentation of social issues through Indian films. Zoya Akhtar, the filmmaker of  Luck By Chance (2009), and a panel member commented on the female protagonist in her film saying that, â€Å"The character could have been any; the fact that she is a woman is a coincidence. † But because the film ends up centering on the story of a woman, the director struggled for six years to make the film—apparently because numerous male actors turned down the costarring role. She had a difficult time despite her insider status in the industry as the daughter of renowned Indian scriptwriters, Javed Akhtar and the sister of an accomplished film director, actor, producer and singer, Farhan Akhtar. The absence of female centric scripts in main stream Hindi cinema is partially to be blamed because of its commercial viability. Also, commercially super-hit films like Jab We Met(2007) and Paa(2009) are termed as female centric films, but on observing closely, we realize that both the female characters in the end need their male counterpart to overcome their grief or are heavily relied on them to ensure a happy ending to their story. Hindi cinema is divided into ‘trends’ or ‘eras’. Starting from the silent ra in 1920s, Hindi cinema has evolved tremendously in terms of technique, story telling and the stories that were told. The period from late 1940s till 1960s is considered as the ‘Golden era’ of Indian cinema. Bollywood witnessed a new wave in form of content, where earlier movies focused mainly on mythological stories, after independence, their focus shifted on development issues (Do Bigha Zameen- in 1953), gender (Bandini-in 1963), caste di scrimination (Sujata-in 1959), etc. In the early years of Indian cinema, it was Bimal Roy who made a host of films in which his heroines had the lead part to play. Commercial cinema then had female centric scripts and Nutan, Meenakumari, Madhubala and Waheeda Rehman have portrayed some of the most powerful female characters in Hindi cinema and delivered super-hit films. The role played by Zeenat Amaan in the movie (Qurbani-in 1980) was much ahead of its time. It was bold and headstrong unlike of the characters that we seen in the movies of late 90’s. One of the outstabding commercial hits Seeta aur Geeta concentrated more on the heroines rather than the two heroes. Besides such mirrored plots, some movis have focused exclusively on the heroine and woven the script around a central female character. In such films, the woman has no prototype. Jaya Bhaduri’s Guddi was one of the early hits where the innocent girl next door image of a star struck teenager became representative of each school going girl for years to come. In other films like Aandhi, an educated wife changes course midway from a happily married woman to a leading politician. When we compare those films with the films produced during 1990s and later, we can see stark contrast in the way female leads were being portrayed. Not only in their portrayal of the character, but also in the way the content of the movie that was generated. At times or rather most of the times, they were meant to accomplishments to their male counterparts. Shridevi in Lamhe(1991), Madhuri Dixit in Hum Aapke Hain Koun-(1994), Karishma Kapoor in Dil to Paagal Hain-(1997), Fiza-(2000) ,Kajol in Dushman-(1998) and Aishwarya Rai in Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam-(1999), Taal-(1999) and Guzaarish-(2010) were some of the most popular leading ladies during this era. Though they were brilliant performers, they hardly were part of a movie where they were not shown adhered to the wishes of the male lead, society and family. It becomes mandatory to ultimately create an image of an ‘ideal’ girl/woman for the audience (here consumers) because that’s how our society works and secondly it becomes easy for that the idea to sell; hence increase in numbers and popularity. Films like â€Å"Dor† (2006), â€Å"Silsilay† (2005), â€Å"Tehzeeb† (2003), â€Å"Pinjar† (2003), â€Å"Chameli† (2003), â€Å"Satta† (2003), â€Å"Filhaal† (2002), â€Å"Zubeidaa† (2001) â€Å"Lajja† (2001), â€Å"Chandni Bar† (2001) and â€Å"Fiza† (2000) brought the woman into the spotlight – all these films got critical acclaim, but they didn't turn out to be a commercial hit. Surprisingly, in recent times, No One Killed Jessica was the only ‘women centric film’ that sort of worked at the box office. All said and done, it shows that we lack on ideas. We as audience are treading backward as we choose to accept only a specific image of woman being shown. Hence, I would focus on a comparative study of two different bollywood era. This will not only comment on the techniques and style of film making, but it will also comment on the kind of cinema accepted by the masses then and now. It will clearly showcase the image of a girl or a woman being shown by the film makers and its acceptance by the audience. It will talk about how issues of gender, caste, development were perceived in Indian cinema then and now. Hence, it will become a cultural comparative study of two different decades from Indian history and will help us understand that how the term ‘Indian Culture’ has evolved over a period of time. A Tentative Bibliography: †¢ Criticisicm and Truth by Roland Barthes |   | |Television commercials and rural women as audience in India by Ila Patel | | | | | |Ways of Seeing by John Berger | | | | | |About Looking by John Berger | | | | | |Women and Art contested Territory by ChicagoJudy | | | | | |Bollywood in Posters by Ausaja. S. M. M. | | | | | |A Thinking Eye by Paul Klee | | Reference Links: www. indianetzone. com www. indianlink. com www. altlawforum. org www. expressindia. com www. semionaut. com www. sebsteph. com www. slideshare. net Heta Vyas MAJ 0310

Euthanasia Is The Other Form And It Takes Place Against...

Involuntary euthanasia is the other form and it takes place against the patient’s consent. Finally, non-voluntary euthanasia is whereby a physician carries out the act despite the fact that the patient does not have the ability to make the decision. To understand the slippery slope here, it is important to take note of the fact that all these forms of euthanasia are morally demeaning since they do not uphold the right to life. Legalizing PAS would, therefore, imply that the right to life is being violated. It also dehumanizes patients and further undermines the existing medical culture that should be focused on improving life. It would also contradict the law which limits personal freedom. One may also argue that PAS and euthanasia qualify on the basis that they are only used as a last resort. This last resort is usually determined based on certain legalities. For instance in the event of , mental illness, incurable pain, old age, less than 6 months life expectancy, and terminal illness. To disqualify this argument it would be important to consider a situation whereby a terminally ill person recovers when it is least expected. Though rare, incorrect diagnoses can occur. Patients that are misdiagnosed may then go on to be correctly diagnosed and treated leading to an unexpected recovery. Also, the idea that some patients have the capability to fake pain in order to warrant death cannot be ignored. In such a scenario it would be completely inappropriate to qualify involuntaryShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Discussion1441 Words   |  6 Pagesis to die? This question inevitably brings up discussion of spirituality, beliefs, and legislation. Euthanasia is an idea that has bee n around for decades yet as we progress in technology and medical competency the discussion screams to be addressed formally by passing legislature. 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The generalRead MoreThe Right to Assisted Suicide1548 Words   |  6 Pagesthat has become more pronounced and refuses to be ignored. You call you family doctor up and make an appointment to go in and get his opinion on what could be wrong with you. The doctor asks you some rather routine questions, pokes and prods at you, takes several samples of your blood and sends them off to be tested, advising you that he will call you as soon as the results are back. A week and a half goes by and finally you get the call you have been looking forward to and dreading at the same timeRead MoreE uthanasia Is An Ethical Or Institutional Entitlement1514 Words   |  7 Pagessuicide or to undergo voluntary euthanasia (help in their quest to die). Currently euthanasia is illegal in the UK it’s only legal in Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg. Along with some types of assisted suicide and passive euthanasia which are legal in Switzerland, Germany, Mexico and the American state of Oregon. Under the current laws in these countries people may request to end their life by a doctor or healthcare professional but there are certain clauses in place to ensure this is kept with inRead MoreShould Euthanasia or Assisted Suicide Be Legalized in Canada?1486 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia, formally known as mercy killing, is the act of intentionally causing the painless death of a sick person, rather than allowing that person to die naturally. In terms of a physicians actions, it can be passive in that a physician plays no direct role in the death of the person or it can be active in t hat the physician does something directly to cause the death (Yount, 2002). Euthanasia may also be formed into three types of act, which are voluntary, involuntary, and nonvoluntary. VoluntaryRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1360 Words   |  6 PagesAbout 55% of terminally ill patients die in atrocious pain. Euthanasia is a practice that hasn’t been legalized in many places, and is usually performed by lethal injection. In the United States euthanasia is only legalized in Oregon, Washington, Montana, and certain areas of Texas. Some citizens feel that euthanasia should be legalized because they should have the sole right to their life. Others feel that God is the one that has the authority over a person’s life. There have been many cases whereRead MoreThe Death Of Assisted Suicide1394 Words   |  6 Pagessuicide one of them being euthanasia. Euthanasia is when a physician prescribes the treatment as well as directly administers the treatment to the patient. Euthanasia also breaks down into four separate categories; active, voluntary, passive, and involuntary. Active is the act of giving treatment to end one’s life while passive withholds from treatment that sustains life, while voluntary is when the patient gives their consent to the treatment and involuntary is when the patient is to a point they areRead MoreEuthanasi Terminally Ill Patient1321 Words   |  6 Pagesact of euthanasia upon terminally ill patient. According to Oxford Dictionary, euthanasia means the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma and according to Euthanasia (2014), it is defined as the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. There are many kinds of euthanasia including voluntary, non-voluntary, involuntary, assisted suicide, euthanasia by action, and euthanasia by omission

The Civil War Was A Tragedy Essay - 1504 Words

The Civil War was a long hard-fought battle between the Union and the Confederate states from the year 1861-1865. The war was a tragedy, but the battles of the American Civil War caused many changes in America and in a good way, such as the abolishment of slavery and uniting the two sides together. Slavery was the main cause, but the north and south did not agree with each other on ideas, so it sparked the beginning of a war. A devastating blow to the Union, from Brig. Gen. Pierre G.T. Beauregard of the Confederate, caused Major Robert Anderson to begin a war. Conflicts between the two sides changed America for good. It is still one of the most bloodiest and affecting wars to date. It all started when a missile stroke a shore. At 4:32 a.m., on April 12, 1861, a fort in Charleston, South Carolina, Fort Sumter, was bombed. Threats were made to Federal troops occupying forts in the South. Major Robert Anderson was with the Union and asked the War Department for more reinforcements. He w as in command of Fort Moultrie on Sullivan Island, not to far from Charleston. Anderson’s play was to move him and his men to a more secure fort, which were either Castle Pinckney or the unfinished Fort Sumter. However, Francis Pickens, governor of South Carolina, did not like that idea and wanted Anderson to stay at Fort Moultrie. Anderson was already on his way to Fort Sumter. Pickens demanded Anderson to surrender but of course he did not want to. On March 1, Brigadier General P. G. T.Show MoreRelatedWhat The American Public Always Wants Is A Tragedy With A Happy Ending1345 Words   |  6 PagesHistory. Every time we go through a tragedy or something we aren’t specifically proud of we try to see the positive side of it in order to not be ashamed of ourselves just like Blight’s prologue states a quote by William Dean Howells, â€Å"What the American public always wants is a tragedy with a happy ending.† Moreover, through the Civil War and the years it follow we see how the idea of what the Civil War means is revolutionized. At the beginning when the Civil War broke out many thought that they wereRead MoreThe Civil War1295 Words   |  6 PagesIt is quite obvious that there were many goals to achieve during the Civil War. But discovering the true meaning and vision of the Civil War is the concept that is still researched today by the people of America. In the prologue of Blight’s Race and Reunion he states: (Three overall visions of the Civil War memory collided and combined over time: one, the reconciliationist vision †¦ two, the white supremacist vision †¦ and three, the emancipationist vision†¦) All three of these visions are extremelyRead MoreAnalysis Of O Captain My Captain702 Words   |  3 PagesAbraham Lincoln and was written to honor his short life and his work while in office. While initially reading the text, it seems as though the essay is referring to a captain on a ship, who has suddenly passe d away. However, looking at the historical context when this was written, and Whitmans position as a staunch Unionist, one can decipher the true meaning of the poem. Through the use of extended metaphor and mood, the ultimate message of the poem is conveyed, which is what a tragedy Lincolns deathRead MoreParallels Between The Syrian Civil War And Romeo And Juliet1197 Words   |  5 PagesParallels between the Syrian Civil War and Romeo and Juliet When people say history repeats itself, they are not lying. A modern conflict in today’s world can relate to the events that happened in a play written in the 1500’s. The play, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, can relate to the ongoing Syrian Civil War. In both circumstances, people not anticipating the consequences of their actions made decisions. It resulted in devastating tragedies, all started by an ancient grudgeRead MoreThe Civil War : A Bloody Time For Everyone Alive1541 Words   |  7 Pages If the Civil War could be described in only one word, that one word would be tragedy. Such a bloody time for everyone alive in what is now know as The United States of America. The Civil War took pace in the years of 1861-1865 there were multiple reasons as to why the Civil War broke out but the number one reason for the Civl War was, the diverse opinions on the issue of slavery. Slavery was such a horrific thing going on at this time in history, bu t not all people who owned slaves treated themRead MoreThe Assassination Of Robert F. Kennedy1048 Words   |  5 Pagestactics, assassinations, and violent civil rights movements were the defining characteristics of 1968. Despite the few good things that came out of that year, much of 1968 was dedicated to rebuilding the country, tragedy after tragedy. The assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, involvement in the Vietnam War, and escalating civil rights movements are a few of the quintessential events that contributed to the tumultuousness of 1968. On June 5th, 1968, Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated in Los Angeles, CaliforniaRead More Captain Corelli’s Mandolin Essay873 Words   |  4 Pageshorror of war, international and then civil, comes home to all the characters, then is swept away by the tide of history. Pelagia and Corelli are apart and destined to remain so for half a lifetime. Pelagia thinks Corelli is dead, Corelli, visiting Pelagia secretly every year, thinks she is married. Then, in 1953 a new horror hits the island – the earthquake. The events of that time replace the war in the islanders’ collective memory. In some ways, they are more shocking than those in the war, becauseRead MoreThe Second Inaugural Address By Abraham Lincoln852 Words   |  4 Pagesdelivered his address as the Civil War was drawing to a conclusion and the final ends towards slavery. His address was to thousands of spectators, but was intended for a national and international audience. Some of the conspirators involved with Lincoln’s assassination such as John Wilkes Booth, George Atzerodt, and John Surratt were present in the crowd during the inauguration. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States. Abraham most importantly led the Civil War into victory. He preservedRead MoreThe Life of Geroge Armstrong Custer884 Words   |  4 PagesSynopsis: George Armstrong Custer was a West Point graduate who attained military promotions to brigadier ge neral and major general in the regular army on March 13, 1865 and major general of volunteers April 15, 1865 during the American Civil War. Later in 1870’s, Custer moved to the west to fight in the Indian Wars. On June 25, 1876, a battle at Little Bighorn against Lakota and Cheyenne warriors was fought where he led 210 men. Custer and all of his men were killed in the battle. The battle, alsoRead MoreThe Civil War: Bloodiest War in American History Essay782 Words   |  4 Pagesof the bloodiest war in American history, there were two men who had a bond that was much stronger than this all-consuming war. These men had enough faith in each other and in themselves to help them through the war. Both men were fighting for what they solely believed in and even with their different opinions, they still had each other’s back when they didn’t have each other. The friendship of Lewis Armistead and Winfield Hancock shows that even one of the strongest forces, war, is sti ll weaker

Core Competencies For Physical And Cyber Security - 806 Words

In the risk-filled world we live in today, managing security for any organization is a difficult task. Whether an organization is dealing with physical security or cyber security, following and enforcing core competencies will make the security process more effective. The core competencies are determined by many factors that include the size of an organization and geographical location to name a few. (McCrie, 2007) When managing a security operation, the core competencies that are applicable for a particular organization can be wide ranging. The following information will discuss the different core competencies for physical and cyber security. Also, perspective and examples off the competencies that are identified in following information will be provided. In addition to that operational competencies and driving factors of security operations will be discussed as well. Core Competencies for Managing Security Operations There are many different security based core competencies that are applicable to many different organizations. For the purpose of this paper, I will focus on the core competencies identified by EC-Council. (Core-competencies, n.d.) These core competencies are an excellent showcase of how wide the spectrum of cyber and physical security range. Cyber: †¢ Access Control †¢ Risk Management †¢ Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning †¢ Firewall, IDS/IPS, and Network Defense Systems †¢ Wireless Security †¢ Virus, Trojans and MalwareShow MoreRelatedWhy The Security Program Should Be Implemented Into An Organizations Security Programs1105 Words   |  5 PagesThe definition of â€Å"Core Competencies† is the fundamental ability a protective program needs in order for it to deliver services. These needs will vary according to the type or organization, its size and geography, recent history, criticality of resources, vulnerability to losses, and other factors (McCrie, R. 2007). Reading this definition I can say that, there is a lot to be said about what can be implemented into an organizations security programs. I will start by saying, that the size of theRead MoreOutsourcing A Business Is A Risky Affair1445 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic/international sourcing. Several motivations (e.g. cost reduction, flexibility, access to new technologies and skills, focus on core activities) are encouraging them to outsource and/or localize their (IT or business) processes in foreign countries .These choices determine also relevant risks, such as loss of control, poor service quality, vendor dependency, cost escalation, and security criticalities . Outsourcing a business is a risky affair. Handing over control to another company who might do a betterRead MoreAmazon Is An American Electrical Commerce Company1509 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause any sort of website shut down would potentially cost the company millions in lost sales. Core Competencies 1. Lowest possible price 2. Diverse product selection 3. Customer Convenience Amazon’s current mission statement is: â€Å"We strive to offer our customers the lowest possible prices, the best available selection, and the utmost convenience.† (Gregory) Each of the company’s core competencies can be seen in the mission statement. The goal of the company has always been to offer the lowestRead MoreCyber Security And The Banking Industry1029 Words   |  5 PagesEric Frain Term Paper Financial Markets/ Institutions Cyber security in the Banking Industry In this day and age where technology has become more common, there has been problems developing over cyber security. According to Cybersecurity Report 2016, â€Å"Cybercrime has jumped to the second most reported economic crime PWC’s Global Economic Crime Survey and financial institutions are the prime target† (p.1). Financial institutions need answers to how the hackers find the weaknesses in their systemsRead MoreI Serve As Login Scraper Hardware, Lightweight Nodes1653 Words   |  7 PagesTo serve as login scraper hardware, lightweight nodes (similar in quality to PowerEdge R720, CPU: dual Sandy Bridge E5-2650 8-core 2.0 GHz, RAM: 32 GB RAM, single SATA disk drive, with X520 Intel 10GE card, dual port) plus cabling to backbone switch and transceivers on each end will be provided for any institution not receiving repurposed nodes from an existing cluster. In concert with the deployment, each controlling organization has committed rack space, AC power (diverse power sources if possibleRead MoreThe United States Armys Shift1144 Words   |  5 Pagesfavorable conflict resolution. To be successful at Unified Land Operations the Army must be competent in two core areas. These two core competencies are combined arms maneuver and wide area security. Combined arms maneuver is the application of the elements of combat power in unified action to defeat enemy ground forces; to seize, occupy, and defend land areas; and to achieve physical, temporal, and psychological advantages over the enemy to seize and exploit the initiative. It exposes enemiesRead MoreThe Threat Of The Cyber Threat1958 Words   |  8 Pages few Americans realize how vital cyberspace is to our national infrastructure. Today, we are faced with even more threats although it has been a recognized problem since 2009, when President Barrack Obama said â€Å"The cyber threat is one of the most serious economic and national security challenges we face as a nation. It’s also clear that we’re not as prepared as we should be, as a government or as a country (Obama, 2009).† Every indust ry that operates in the United States is dependent on the internetRead MoreAmazon Swot Analysis On Amazon1196 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome notable that Amazon’s diversification strategy has tended to spread so much to the extent of moving gradually from the entity’s fundamental core competencies. The point of departure is seen as a weakness as opposed to strength (Murrell, 2014). The company’s attempts to venture into new focus areas have caused a costly implication on the company’s core competitive advantage. On the hand, Amazon’s decision to offer free shipping for the clients has resulted in lower margins that are mostly a resultRead MoreThe Structural Challenges Of Ebay1932 Words   |  8 Pagescan utilize the use of online stores as a way of expanding to new market environments such as in new countries. Threats A key issue that has come out in the recent years is the threats associated with online security and dealing with ambiguous clients. In essence, cyber security and cyber safety have become a constant concern for online markets and poses a key threat to eBay. On the other hand, the company may face threats presented by other low-cost retailers who have become common in the lastRead MoreCyp 3.3 Childcare Level 3 Guidelines Essay2014 Words   |  9 PagesLEVEL 3 DIPLOMA FOR THE CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S WORKFORCE (QCF) GUIDANCE FOR UNDERSTAND HOW TO SAFEGUARD THE WELLBEING OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE UNIT CODE: CYP CORE 3.3 Unit content 1. Understand the main legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding children and young people Current legislation, guidelines and policies regarding the safeguarding of children and young people relevant to own home country: Legislation: Children Act 1989; Children

Breast cancer Essay Example For Students

Breast cancer Essay In the United States in 1995 alone, 43,063 died from Breast cancer Essay (Bram 192). It is the number two cancer killer and the number one cancer in females ages 15 to 54 (Haynes 14). On average if a woman gets this disease, their life expectancy drops nineteen and a half years (22). This cancer is within the top three cancers of all women above the age of 15, and comprises 6% of all health care costs in the U.S. totaling an astounding 35 billion dollars a year, (25). An average woman is said to have a one in thirty chance of getting the cancer, but if that person had family history of the disease (32). Their chances have been measured up to a one in six chance, they are predicted to be nearly two million new cases reported this year in the U.S.(38). Breast cancer will strike close to 200,000 women each year in the U. S., many women will go through difficult periods both physical and mental, but there are various treatments to help fight this disease and save their lives Breast cancer is a group of rapidly reproducing, undifferentiated cells in the area of the breast in women. While the outlining steps of breast cancer are unknown, the cell in the breast trigger a reaction of cell reproduction (Cunning 28). These new cancer cells form tumors. If cancer cells are active or are considered malign, the tumor grows at tremendous speeds, and may end up in metastasis. Metastasis is a complex process in which cells break away from their primary tumors, and via the blood supply or through the lymph system relocate into other organs, thus spreading cancer throughout the body if left untreated (41). Generally, if a lump is smaller than one centimeter, it is considered Fats have been thought to increase the rate of breast cancer occurrence (Hughes 1). Conversely, many studies have drawn out a link between fats and cancers Epidemiology experiments are hard to perform on humans because it is extremely hard to control a humans whole life diet. Therefore, it is much easier to compare cultures of peoples which tend to determine the food intake of those people. In Iceland, the diet tends to be derived from healthy foods of the ocean, including lowfat fish and Vegetables (1). But when researchers increased the amount of fat in their diets, their rate of breast cancer shot up, demonstrating its potential in the Iceland people (2). A number of doctors simply take the common sense approach to preventing against breast cancer exercising and getting your proper nutrients is the best precaution. The New York Times reported in May of 1997 a study that was done on 25,000 women in Norway. Compared with sedentary women, those who exercised at least four hours a week had a 37% lower risk of developing breast cancer. One leading hypothesis on how exercise fights cancer is brought by Dr. Leslie Bernstein, a professor of preventative medicine at the University of Southern California. Dr. Bernstein says that exercising reduces a womans exposure to estrogen, reducing that possible oncogen. Also, vitamins and minerals including A, C, and E help to fight cancer says F. de Ward, a cancer Several medical procedures or side effects of them have been thought to promote breast cancer. It was hypothesized by staff at the NEJM that self done abortions could greatly increase the chances of getting cancer as during pregnancy the cells in the breast quickly divide and reproduce (45). By having an abortion and thus suddenly halting cell division, a number of cells would become greatly unprotected by their not being any differentiation, and thus would be vulnerable to cancer. Prevention is one point of the puzzle to cure breast cancer, but it is extremely important to get breast examinations often to make sure of no lumps or early tumors. The simplest forms of breast exam is a self exam, one with a doctor, or a mammography. The Roots of Blues Music EssayThere are symptoms that you can look for to help detect breast cancer. When looking for some of these symptoms you should check your breast for a change of size or shape, dimpling on the skin, or a lump. You should .

Power Phys Lab Report Sample

Power Phys Lab Report Paper What was the average resting cardiac cycle length? The average was 832 ms b. What was the average exercising cardiac cycle length? The average was 408 ms c. The range of normal resting cardiac cycle length is between 818 and 858 ms. Did average cardiac cycle length increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? The average cardiac length decreased by 424 ms 2. Resting and exercising EDP: Subject 1 142 ml at rest, 145 ml with exercise Subject 2 138 ml at rest, 141 ml with exercise Subject 3 144 ml at rest, 140 ml with exercise a. What was the average resting EDP? The average resting EDP 141 ml b. What was the average exercising EDP? The average exercising EDP 142 ml b. The range of normal resting EDP is between 135 and 145 ml for these subjects. Did average EDP increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? The EDP increased slightly with subject 1 and 2 and decreased slightly with subject 3 3. Resting and exercising ESP..: Subject 1-74 ml at rest, 34 ml with exercise Subject 2-67 ml at rest, 35 ml with exercise Subject 3-68 ml at rest, 35 ml with exercise a. What was the average resting ESP..? The average resting ESP.. Is 70 ml b. What was the average exercising ESP..? The average ESP.. With exercise is 35 ml c. The range of normal resting ESP.. Is between 65 and 75 for these subjects. Did average ESP.. Increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? The average decreased by 35 ml from resting to exercise See Table 3: Resting and Exercising HRS, SF, and CO See Graph: Resting and Exercising SF and CO 4. Resting and exercising HRS: Subject 1-70 BPML at rest, 156 BPML with exercise Subject 2-72 BPML at rest, 141 BPML with exercise Subject 3-74 BPML at rest, 145 BPML with exercise a. What was the average resting HRS? The average resting heart rate is 72 c. We will write a custom essay sample on Power Phys Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Power Phys Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Power Phys Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What was the average exercising HRS? The average heart rate with exercise is 147 c. The range of normal resting HRS is between 70 and 73 beats per minute for these subjects. Did average HRS increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? The average heart rate a little more than doubled 5. Resting and exercising SF: Subject 1-68 ml at rest, 1 11 ml with exercise Subject 2-71 ml at rest, 106 ml with exercise Subject 3-76 ml at rest, 105 ml with exercise a. What was the average resting SF? The average SF is 72 at rest b. What was the average exercising SF? The average SF is 107 with exercise c. The range of normal resting SF is between 60 and 80 ml for these subjects. Did average SF increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? The average SF increased with exercise by 35 ml 6. Resting and exercising CO: Subject 1-4. 8 ml at rest, 17. 3 ml with exercise Subject 2-5. 1 ml at rest, 14. 9 ml with exercise Subject 3- 5. 6 ml at rest, 15. 2 ml with exercise a. What was the average resting CO? The average at rest is 5. 1 ml b. What was the average exercising CO? The average is 15. 8 ml with exercise b. The range of normal resting CO is between 4. L per minute and 5. 84 L for these subjects. Did average CO increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? The average CO increased with exercise by 10. 7 ml DISCUSSION 1. What caused the change in HRS with exercise? When we exercise the muscles are in a greater demand for oxygen, as well a need for release of carbon dioxide. The heart is responsible for this, by pumping the blood to the muscles faster when the demand is greater. 2. Discuss the effect of venous return and heart rate on exercise EDP. If we have a sufficient venous return (blood going into the heart) then the cardiac output ill be greater, the more the return the more the output. Exercise demands more oxygen to the muscles, this demand calls for more oxygenated blood, thus the body increases heart rate, and the rest follow suit to supply the demand of oxygen. 3. What caused the change in ESP.. Volume with exercise? Consistent exercise will increase the ESP.., which will lower the resting heart rate. Reduced heart rate prolongs ventricular filling, thus increasing the EDP and ultimately allowing more blood to be ejected. 4. Why did SF change with exercise? The stroke volume is the amount of blood hat is pumped from the Left Ventricle to the body. As I mentioned above the bodys demand for oxygen is increased therefore the stroke volume increases to meet that demand. 5. Discuss the importance of the change in CO with exercise? The Cardiac Output is the amount of blood that leaves the ventricles in a minute, the importance of this during exercise is the fact that the CO has the ability to change. The body needs more blood to circulate during exercise so the cardiac Output needs to increase to meet this demand. If the CO never changed we would not have sufficient oxygen to nourish our bodies needs. And the amount of blood would be unbalanced leading to catastrophe in the Pulmonary circulation. 6. Restate your predictions that were correct, and give data from your experiment that support them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them, giving supporting data from your experiment that supports your corrections. My predictions were all three correct: The HRS (Heart Rate) will increase, which it did in each subject and the increase was 70 to 156 BPML in subject one for example, which was over double. The two other subjects were 72 to 141 BPML, and 74 to 145 respectively.

The Courtship and Marriage Customs of the Waray Essay Example

The Courtship and Marriage Customs of the Waray Paper THE COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE CUSTOM OF THE WARAY J. Colima Bajado The Philippines as a whole abounds in quaint marriage customs and traditions. Written literatures from Fr. Pedro Chirino (1590s), Blair and Robertson, to Gregorio Zaide describe the pre-Spanish marriage customs of the Philippines. More writers like Fay Cooper Cole, John Finley, C. R. Moss and John Garvan have written on the courtship and marriage rituals of the various tribes in the country. On the marriage customs of the Warays, some vernacular writers like Iluminado Lucente and Juan Ricacho have written plays portraying the marriage customs and practices of the region. Younger generations in the Samar-Leyte region may not even know how their great grandfathers won the hands of their great grannies, in relation to the present  Ã¢â‚¬Å"wer na u, dito na me†Ã‚  trend. The Illiterate Way of Courtship We will write a custom essay sample on The Courtship and Marriage Customs of the Waray specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Courtship and Marriage Customs of the Waray specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Courtship and Marriage Customs of the Waray specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This kind of courtship has been practiced until the early 1900s. According to the narrations of Msgr. Alberto Almarines (1960s), illiterate young men in the rural areas, particularly in the hinterland sitios, observe this way of courtship passed to them by their great grandparents. Since they cannot read and write, actions, signs, signals, and even mimicries are flashed as costumarily understood to mean love. The man takes out an  inarmidol (crisply starched) white handkerchief and waves it to the woman, who could only give concealed glances. Then the man will kiss the handkerchief and put it over his chest. This is done when the young man does not have the chance to talk to the girl. If the girl accepts the love offered, she smiles and nods. When she frowns, she declines the offered affection. And when her face is expressionless, she does not yet know the answer. When she accepts, the man will then ask her hand for marriage. When she shows indifference, he will either wait for the ight time or simply forget her. The Kulalisi Courtship This type of courtship commences as a game, and concludes for real. Kulalisi  (sometimes spelledculalisi), is a game played after the nightly prayer for nine days of  lamay  (wake). Unmarried men and women gather in the house of the deceased to say the prayers, after which, the kulasisi game follows to console the bereaved family. The kulalisi game is a battle of wits between men and women. One of the elders in the house will act as  Hadi  (king) that will pair a man and a woman suspected or teased as sweethearts. The challenge to a  luwa  (verse) is cast by one who wins the draw using a shell called  buskay. Then the â€Å"luwa† or battle of words (somewhat like Balagtasan), and rhymes, and debates starts. If the challenger is a man and the challenged woman fails to outwit him, the reward is a â€Å"make-believe† marriage solemnized by the Hadi. If the man is outwitted by the woman, he becomes the woman’s slave and will do whatever the woman desires to let him do, for that night. Most of the â€Å"married† pairs in  culalisi  games become real partners for life. This kind of courtship has been commonly practiced up to the early 1900s. Tthe courtship through Panharana (Serenading) Wooing a woman by  panharana  is commonly practiced in the whole region up to the late 1990s; some even still practice this in other parts of the region, like Maydolong, Eastern Samar, up today. Serenading is a time-honored way of expressing one’s love and adoration to the accompaniment of a guitar, violin or other string and wind instruments. Moonlight nights are the perfect time for serenade. A man sings  kundiman  (love song) that is rich in lyrical beauty, appreciation of nature and profound sentiment of affection. A suitor who knows how to play a guitar serenades his admired woman by himself, for this is a rapport in his singing of love songs. A group of men serenades when the suitor cannot accompany himself in singing his love songs. The song  Mituo Ako  (I Believe) is once a popular serenade song in the Cebuano speaking part of the region, while Iluminado Lucente’s  Gihilom Ko  (I Secretly Bear) in the Waray speaking parts. While  panharana  is still practiced today, the town of Dagami in the province of Leyte once regulated its practice in the 1960s due to some stealing events resulted from serenading. While some were singing, others were stealing chickens, and other things. Serenading was then allowed from ten to twelve in the evening only. The Balata Courtship This type of courtship is one of the queer ways of wooing. This traditional practice is resorted to by the rich families. This is very common especially in the â€Å"capital† of the different provinces of the region such as Tacloban, Carigara, Palo, Biliran, Ormoc, Catarman, Calbayog, Catbalogan, Maasin and Borongan. In  balata, the parents of the bride and the groom agree to have their children married in accordance with their arrangement. It is the custom of the upperclass families through their exclusive formed groups. They hold week-end parties among themselves by turns. In the midst of the merry making, especially when they are already a bit tipsy, the betrothal of their children takes place. Although often started as a joke, the  balata  eventually becomes a serious matter involving  amor propio  and  palabra de honor. Usually, it is the parents of the male child who makes the proposal to the parents of the girl to have their children married when they reach the marriageable age. They mutually plan and finance the wedding of their children, give equal dowries of property such as land, livestock, jewelry, and cash with which their children will start their married life. They also agree with the kind of wedding, the grandeur, and the bands to play music, and all other things to make the wedding memorable. The day of the wedding is usually scheduled on the day the boy reaches his sixteenth year. Not all  balata  betrothal are negotiated and agreed upon during drinking sprees. Most of â€Å"balatas† results from the desire of both parties to insure the economic and financial stability of their children. The parents keep the betrothal of their children to themselves until the time comes when it is necessary to reveal it to their children. The betrothed are warned that refusal to comply with their pledge will bring their families dishonor and disgrace and the wrath of heaven will fall on them. Choice by parents This kind of courtship deprives young lovers from their right to choose their partners. The parents select their children’s life partners. Wealth and character or â€Å"urbanidad† as the parents fondly stress are the factors their prospective sons and daughters-in-law should possess. The boy’s parents look around for the girls who meet their criteria. Their search for girls extends to other towns and places where their friends and acquaintances live. They mark their choices for observation and preliminary selection. The girls’ parents base their selection on the same grounds. Their children are simply informed of their plans and tell them to abide to it. Usually, three possible candidates are chosen, the other two are reserves or alternatives. When they arrive at a choice, the courting begins. Courting through the Parents Courting a woman through her parents is another way of wooing. In this type of courting, the young man picks the girl and enlists the help of her parents. This is often resorted to when the girl does not reciprocate the boy’s feeling, or when her parents are very jealous. The young man and his parents will befriend the girl’s parents. The young man do manual works in the house of the girl, serves the girl’s parents, and do everything to please them. He put his best foot forward to impress, and eventually, gain their admiration and sympathy. A Back to Back Overview Perchance, it is not really the type of courtship that matters, after all. It is the sound of love that makes two lovers dance in harmony to its tune. As Rachel Gordo Maravilla’s  siday  says: Bis’ anu pa iton nga kaporma, Bis’ pa it yinaknan nagkakairiba, Kay iton karuyag boot sidngon, Amo manta gihapon. Bisan hin-o ha bug-os nga kalibutan, Tanan masayaw, Kon tukran na an kasing-kasing Han sonata Han Gugma. J. Colima Bajado graduated from University of the Philippines Tacloban with the degree in Political Science. He writes more on the revival of Waray history and culture, and has been bestowed various awards in his writings. He is currently the Cultural Editor of Gahum Weekly.